THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Fungi are an understudied, biotechnologically valuable group of organisms. Due to 
the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit, and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi, bacteria, and animals, fungi have developed numerous survival mechanisms. The unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and industry. Moreover, fungi can be grown with relative ease, making production at scale viable. The search for fungal biodiversity, and the construction of a living fungi collection, both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel products. This manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as biotechnology. We provide notes and examples for each potential exploitation and give examples from our own work and the work of other notable researchers. We also provide a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential products. Fungi have provided the world with penicillin, lovastatin, and other globally significant medicines, and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.

The amazing potential of fungi: 50 ways we can exploit fungi industrially

https://ucanr.edu/datastoreFiles/608-472.pdf

High pressure enhancement of enzymes: A review

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/6928710/file/6928721.pdf

Review of catalytic systems and thermodynamics for the Guerbet condensation reaction and challenges for biomass valorization

Enzymatic synthesis of isoamyl acetate with immobilized Candida antarctica lipase in n-hexane

The production of isoamyl acetate using immobilized lipases in a solvent-free system

Enzymatic esterification of isoamyl alcohol obtained from fusel oil: Optimization by response surface methodolgy

In this study the production of isoamyl acetate by esterification of isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid was carried out using immobilized C . antarctica lipase (Novozym 435) as a catalyst without any organic solvent. The esterification yield was optimized with response surface methodology. This method was used with four parameters to evaluate the effects of important variables on the esterification yield. The parameters are acid/alcohol mole ratio (0.2-0.8), enzyme amount (4-12%, w/w), temperature (30-50 °C), and reaction time (4-8 hr). It was found that the most effective parameter was acid/alcohol mole ratio. As acid/alcohol mole ratio increased at any given reaction time and amount of enzyme, ester concentration, C p (mmol ester/g mixture), increased up to an acid/alcohol mole ratio of 0.7 and thereafter decreased. The model indicated the optimum conditions for maximum esterification (3.45 mmol ester/g mixture) in the acid/alcohol mole ratio of 0.52 for 8.15% enzyme at 43.2 °C and after 5.27 hr, which wer...

Optimization of the enzymatic production of isoamyl acetate with novozym 435 from candida antarctica

Lipase catalyzed production of oleyl oleate, which is an analogue of jojoba oil, was carried out using oleic acid and oleyl alcohol in the solvent-free system. Novozym 435, immobilized Candida antarctica lipase, was used as a biocatalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on five-level, four-variable central composite rotatable design was used to evaluate the effects of important parameters on the production of oleyl oleate. Acid/alcohol molar ratio (0.5-1.5), enzyme quantity (2-10% w/w of substrates), reaction temperature (40-60°C), and reaction time (30-90 min) were chosen as process variables for the optimization. Among these parameters, enzyme quantity and acid/alcohol molar ratio have significant effects compared with temperature and time on the production of oleyl oleate. Optimum conditions were found to be a acid/alcohol molar ratio of 1, enzyme quantity of 7% (w/w), reaction temperature of 51°C, and reaction time of 75 min. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) for the model is 0.97. Prob...

Lipase catalyzed synthesis of oleyl oleate: Optimization by response surface methodology

Reactive extraction of citric acid was investigated at atmospheric and supercritical conditions. The most suitable diluent and amine from among the tertiary amines and eight different diluents were determined at atmospheric conditions. The distribution coefficient values obtained with Hostarex A 327 were higher than those of Alamine 336. The selected amine (Hostarex A327) and the diluent (Oleyl alcohol) were used for reactive extraction of citric acid at supercritical conditions. Separation yields of citric acid were obtained in the temperature ranges of 308 to 328 K and in the pressure ranges of 80 to 180 bars in a supercritical extraction system which is continuous in terms of CO2. It was found that separation yield decreased with increasing extraction pressure at all investigated temperatures. The highest separation yield (28%) was obtained at near the critical pressure. It was observed that the separation yield did not change with increasing temperature in the pressure range of 80 to 180 bars.

/pdf/separation-process-of-citric-acid-with-tertiary-amines-36ns4e6oex.pdf

Nurcan Kapucu

Papers

The production of isoamyl acetate using immobilized lipases in a solvent-free system

Enzymatic esterification of isoamyl alcohol obtained from fusel oil: Optimization by response surface methodolgy

Optimization of the enzymatic production of isoamyl acetate with novozym 435 from candida antarctica

Lipase catalyzed synthesis of oleyl oleate: Optimization by response surface methodology

Separation Process Of Citric Acid with Tertiary Amines/Diluents in Supercritical CO2