世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

MKT 6009 Marketing Internship (0 semester credit hours) Student gains experience and improves skills through appropriate developmental work assignments in a real business environment. Student must identify and submit specific business learning objectives at the beginning of the semester. The student must demonstrate exposure to the managerial perspective via involvement or observation. At semester end, student prepares an oral or poster presentation, or a written paper reflecting on the work experience. Student performance is evaluated by the work supervisor. Pass/Fail only. Prerequisites: (MAS 6102 or MBA major) and department consent required. (0-0) S MKT 6244 Digital Marketing Strategy (2 semester credit hours) Executive Education Course. The course explores three distinct areas within marketing and sales namely, digital marketing, traditional sales prospecting, and executive sales organization and strategy. The continuing convergence of the digital marketing and sales funnels has created a strategic continuum from digital lead generation to digital sales. The course identifies the current composition of this digital continuum while providing opportunities to evaluate sales and marketing digital strategies. Prerequisites: MKT 6301 and instructor consent required. (2-0) Y MKT 6301 (SYSM 6318) Marketing Management (3 semester credit hours) Overview of marketing management methods, principles and concepts including product, pricing, promotion and distribution decisions as well as segmentation, targeting and positioning. (3-0) S MKT 6309 Marketing Data Analysis and Research (3 semester credit hours) Methods employed in market research and data analysis to understand consumer behavior, customer journeys, and markets so as to enable better decision-making. Topics include understanding different sources of data, survey design, experiments, and sampling plans. The course will cover the techniques used for market sizing estimation and forecasting. In addition, the course will cover the foundational concepts and techniques used in data visualization and \"story-telling\" for clients and management. Corequisites: MKT 6301 and OPRE 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6310 Consumer Behavior (3 semester credit hours) An exposition of the theoretical perspectives of consumer behavior along with practical marketing implication. Study of psychological, sociological and behavioral findings and frameworks with reference to consumer decision-making. Topics will include the consumer decision-making model, individual determinants of consumer behavior and environmental influences on consumer behavior and their impact on marketing. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6321 Interactive and Digital Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Introduction to the theory and practice of interactive and digital marketing. Topics covered include: online-market research, consumer behavior, conversion metrics, and segmentation considerations; ecommerce, search and display advertising, audiences, search engine marketing, email, mobile, video, social networks, and the Internet of Things. (3-0) T MKT 6322 Internet Business Models (3 semester credit hours) Topics to be covered are: consumer behavior on the Internet, advertising on the Internet, competitive strategies, market research using the Internet, brand management, managing distribution and supply chains, pricing strategies, electronic payment systems, and developing virtual organizations. Further, students learn auction theory, web content design, and clickstream analysis. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6323 Database Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Techniques to analyze, interpret, and utilize marketing databases of customers to identify a firm's best customers, understanding their needs, and targeting communications and promotions to retain such customers. Topics

Marketing for management.

Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function: An Interpretation of Cross-Section Data

The 2015/2016 El Nino has been classified as one of the three most severe on record. El Nino teleconnections are commonly associated with droughts in southern Africa and high precipitation in eastern Africa. Despite their relatively frequent occurrence, evidence for their hydrological effects and impacts beyond agriculture is limited. We examine the hydrological response and impact pathways of the 2015/2016 El Nino in eastern and southern Africa, focusing on Botswana, Kenya, and Zambia. We use in situ and remotely sensed time series of precipitation, river flow, and lake levels complemented by qualitative insights from interviews with key organizations in each country about awareness, impacts, and responses. Our results show that drought conditions prevailed in large parts of southern Africa, reducing runoff and contributing to unusually low lake levels in Botswana and Zambia. Key informants characterized this El Nino through record high temperatures and water supply disruption in Botswana and through hydroelectric load shedding in Zambia. Warnings of flood risk in Kenya were pronounced, but the El Nino teleconnection did not materialize as expected in 2015/2016. Extreme precipitation was limited and caused localized impacts. The hydrological impacts in southern Africa were severe and complex, strongly exacerbated by dry antecedent conditions, recent changes in exposure and sensitivity and management decisions. Improved understanding of hydrological responses and the complexity of differing impact pathways can support design of more adaptive, region-specific management strategies.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017EF000680

Hydrological Response and Complex Impact Pathways of the 2015/2016 El Niño in Eastern and Southern Africa

Optimal energy management and economic analysis of a grid-connected hybrid solar water heating system: A case of Bloemfontein, South Africa

Africa has many electricity supply problems with major causes being natural causes (drought), oil price shock, system disruption by conflict, and low investment in electricity generation. To solve the problem, many countries adopted several reforms. However, the reforms failed to bring solutions. Electricity sector privatisation has received great criticism. Individual firms and households resorted to own private power generation due to electricity supply inadequacy from the public grid supply, as is the feature of many African countries. This paper focuses on sub-Saran Africa’s electricity supply inadequacy. It provides the economic implications of power outages. Keywords: Electricity outage, electricity supply interruption, private electricity supply, power sector reforms.

Sub-Saharan Africa Electricity Supply Inadequacy: Implications

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are regarded as the seedbed of entrepreneurship development. The government and other support institutions are making efforts to support the growth of the sector. Despite all these efforts and initiatives, there has been an insignificant corresponding growth of SMEs in terms of size. This study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research used random sampling focusing on owner/managers. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. The Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The results show that the main factors constraining the growth of SMEs at Glenview Furniture Complex are limited access to finance, limited access to infrastructure, competition, limited access to markets, HIV/AIDS and lack of access to appropriate technology. It was also found that SMEs at GFC grow through joint ventures, product differentiation, focus strategy and low cost strategy. The study recommended that SMEs at GFC should pull their resources together in acquiring raw materials as a group and selling their products through cooperative shops in town where they can display their products.

Growth constraints of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) at glenview furniture complex (GFC) in harare (Zimbabwe)

Zimbabwe's electricity sector requires substantial investment and reforms if adequate supply is to be attained. Power outages have been high and are still affecting firms (industry), famers, mines and households. Zimbabwe imports about 50% of its electricity needs, with total current demand of over 2100MW compared to available capacity from internal sources of 1100MW. The local generation capacity is constrained by lack of spares, maintenance, vandalism and obsolete equipment. The country has a staggering electricity debt to regional power utilities; Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) with other members cutting power supply. Zimbabwe's electricity is generated internally from hydro power (Kariba) and thermal power plants (Hwange). Tariff reforms implemented failed to solve the problem. The damage caused the crisis is severe with both direct and indirect cost being experienced.

Emergence Of Electricity Crisis In Zimbabwe, Reform Response And Cost Implications

Zimbabwe's mining sector has been hit hard by electricity load shedding from the power utility. Load shedding was seen as a solution to the inability of power utility to supply electricity to meet demand. Electricity supply problems has so many cause and some of which are; inability to expand generation capacity, aging equipment, droughts, cost coal supply to thermal plants, vandalism and political disturbances. Mines flooded as a result poor pumping of water outside the tunnels and mine shafts, and also lost productive hours of production. The researchers applied the direct assessment approach to estimate the cost of load shedding. A survey method was adopted for the mines as they are scattered. A questionnaire was opted as a research instrument and was administered face to face to mine captains. The results revealed that low capacity mines incurred higher load shedding cost compared to high capacity mines. It is also seen that high valued mineral mines (gold, diamond and platinum mines) incurred high outage cost as compared to low valued mineral mines (vermiculite, graphite and phosphate). From the study it can be concluded that electricity load shedding resulted in high cost to mining sector in Zimbabwe. It is recommended that the power utility should increase power supply to minimise the load shedding and cost of load shedding.

Cost of electricity load shedding to Mines in Zimbabwe: Direct assessment approach

The study assesses the sectorial cost of electricity outages and cost of expanding own generation to avert outages in Zimbabwe. The main sectors used were agriculture, mining, industry and households. These sectors lost significantly due to electricity outages. The cost has been assessed on the basis of direct and indirect cost. Sector surveys were carried out. Questionnaires were used as the main research instruments. Results revealed that households were exposed to more outages and other sectors were priorities. Mining reported the highest both direct and indirect outage cost per mine and in total industrial sector reported the highest. For the overall sector cost, industry reported the highest cost and households the least. Total outage cost for one year represents a quarter of total expansion cost required to avert the problem. The study concluded that expansion is a must to avoid electricity outages. The study recommends large scale expansion in generation.

Nyasha Kaseke

Papers

Sub-Saharan Africa Electricity Supply Inadequacy: Implications

Growth constraints of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) at glenview furniture complex (GFC) in harare (Zimbabwe)

Emergence Of Electricity Crisis In Zimbabwe, Reform Response And Cost Implications

Cost of electricity load shedding to Mines in Zimbabwe: Direct assessment approach

A comparative cost assessment of electricity outages and generation expansion in Zimbabwe