Effect of Goat Dung and NPK Fertilizer on Soil and Leaf Nutrient Content, Growth and Yield of Pepper

2 Abstract: Combined use of crop and animal wastes is necessary in order to obtain adequate amount of organic manure for use in crop production. Hence field experiments were conducted at two sites in Akure, Southwest Nigeria to compare effect of NPK (15-5-15) fertilizer (200 kg ha ) and each of Spent Grain (SG) and ground 1 Cocoa Husk (CH) amended with Cattle Dung (CD), Poultry Manure (PM) and Goat Manure (GM) at equal rates (12.5 t ha :12.5 t ha ). The effects of treatments on leaf N, P and K concentrations, growth and fruit yield 11 of tomato were studied. Compared with control, NPKF and animal manure amended SG and CH increased leaf N and K, plant height, number of branches, leaf area, number and weight of fruits significantly (p>0.05). Fruit yields given by CD, PM and GM amended CH and PM and GM amended SG were similar. Among eight treatments compared, CH and SG amended with PM gave highest fruit yields. Compared with control, NPKF, amended SG and CH increased fruit yield by 268,342 and 397%, respectively.

Effect of Animal Manure Ammended Spent Grain and Cocoa Husk on Nutrient Status Growth and Yield of Tomato

Recent studies have revealed that the integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on crop has not received adequate research attention. In this paper, maize is considered among the most important cereal crops in Nigeria and all over the world that has high requirement for organic and inorganic nutrients in order to obtain good quality and high yields. The application of inorganic fertilizer for instance has been found to increase maize performance and chemical properties of soil such as pH, total nutrient content and nutrient availability. On the other hand, its continuous use could cause nutrient imbalance, soil acidity, more so, heavy fertilization in crop production systems could exceed what maize pants are able to utilize and can be a major source of excessive nitrate leaching. Similarly, organic fertilizers are faced with the problems of scarcity, slow nutrient release and difficulty in transportation. In view of these constraints, the combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers in improving maize crop productivity was reviewed and it was found that the total dependence on organic or inorganic fertilizers does not provide the panacea for enhanced and sustainable maize crop production in Nigeria. Therefore, the combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers appears to be the last option and recommendation of the paper for sustaining productivity as well as enhancing the farmers' level of maize production in Nigeria.

http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-1015/ijsrp-p4698.pdf

The Combined Use of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers for Improving Maize Crop Productivity in Nigeria

A study on the effects of chemical treatments of pests and diseases on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was carried out at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development in Cameroon. The trial was laid out in a 4 x 4 factorial design (4 varieties of pepper x 4 chemical treatments), making 16 treatments in 4 replications. The results showed that chemical treatments had highly significant effects (P < 0.001) on the reduction of pepper plant infections by viral diseases. To control Fusarium disease, fungicide treatment and insecticide + fungicide treatment gave satisfactory results. To combat fruitflies ( Ceratitis spp., Bactrocera spp., etc.) responsible for premature fruit fall off, chemical treatments had highly significant effects (P < 0.001) on the reduction of the pests’ population. The chemical treatments used during this experiment had highly significant effects (P < 0.001) on the number and average weight of marketable fruits harvested during the reproductive phase of pepper plants. Highly significant differences were observed in fruit yields from subplots in the following decreasing order: insecticide + fungicide, insecticide, fungicide and finally the control with no chemical treatment. Concomitantly, the total revenue and benefit margin accruing from the different chemical treatments followed the same trend.

/pdf/effect-of-chemical-treatments-on-pests-and-diseases-of-6ua0dlbggp.pdf

Effect of Chemical Treatments on Pests and Diseases of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Effect of Cocoa Husk Ash on Growth and Stem Nutrient Uptake of Kola Seedlings

Experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to determine the effects of different sources of nutrients on the infestation of fruits of five pepper varieties by Atherigona orientalis (Schiner). Different sources of nutrients — chicken droppings, plant residues (compost manure), wood ash and NPK (chemical fertilizer) — were used in the planting of each of the five pepper varieties [Nsukka yellow, Atarugu, and Sweet pepper, all of Capsicum annum; Bird’s eye chilli and Local medium red (Ogoni pepper) both of C. frutescens]. In 1995 plantings, pepper plots of Nsukka yellow and Atarugu varieties that received chicken droppings as source of nutrients suffered the highest percentage fruit damage of 90.7 % and 80.8 %, respectively. Pepper plots of Nsukka yellow, Atarugu, Sweet pepper and Local medium red grown in 1996 and treated with chicken droppings suffered the highest percentage fruit damage of 93.7 %, 56.6 % and 52.2 %, respectively. Plots of the Bird’s eye chilli variety received minimal or no fruit damage in all. Pepper fruits in the control plots also did not undergo A. orientalis attack. Chicken droppings offered the lowest Relative Protection (RP) values to most pepper varieties in 1995 and 1996. NPK chemical fertilizer offered the highest percentage RP values in 1995 and wood ash offered the highest RP in 1996 to most pepper varieties. Also, wood ash in both 1995 and 1996 offered a relatively high percentage RP to most pepper varieties. Compost manure offered a moderate percentage RP in both years.

The Effects of Different Traditional Sources of Nutrients on the Infestation of Pepper Fruits by the Pepper Fruitfly, Atherigona orientalis (Schiner), in Nigeria

O. K. Ogbalu

Papers

The Effects of Different Traditional Sources of Nutrients on the Infestation of Pepper Fruits by the Pepper Fruitfly, Atherigona orientalis (Schiner), in Nigeria