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Properties Of Concrete

Durability of steel reinforced concrete in chloride environments: An overview

Properties and applications of foamed concrete; a review

Mechanical and durability properties of high-strength concrete containing steel and polypropylene fibers

Environmental sustainability considerations are taken into account in this report on high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC) development. Featuring high tensile ductility with high volumes of fly ash (HVFA) replacement of cement (up to 85% by weight), unique HPFRCC members are engineered cementitious composites (ECC). While the material design process sees application of micromechanics in many of its aspects, this study emphasizes how fly ash content alters material microstructure and mechanical properties. While they incorporate high recycled fly ash volumes, HVFA ECCs are shown in experimental results to be able to retain an approximately 2 to 3% long-term tensile ductility. Significantly, there is reduction in both free drying shrinkage and crack width with a fly ash amount increase, though which HVFA ECC structures' long term durability may benefit. That HVFA ECCs' fiber/matrix interface frictional bond increase is responsible for tight crack width is indicated through micromechanics analysis. Use of industrial waste stream material instead of cement reduces environmental impact and achieves more saturated multiple cracking, meaning a robustness improvement is shown in HVFA ECCs.

Use of High Volumes of Fly Ash to Improve ECC Mechanical Properties and Material Greenness

The effect of polypropylene and steel fibers on high strength lightweight aggregate concrete is investigated. Sintered fly ash aggregates were used in the lightweight concrete; the fines were partially replaced by fly ash. The effects on compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, stress–strain relationship and compression toughness are reported. Compared to plain sintered fly ash lightweight aggregate concrete, polypropylene fiber addition at 0.56% by volume of the concrete, caused a 90% increase in the indirect tensile strength and a 20% increase in the modulus of rupture. Polypropylene fiber addition did not significantly affect the other mechanical properties that were investigated. Steel fibers at 1.7% by volume of the concrete caused an increase in the indirect tensile strength by about 118% and an increase in the modulus of rupture by about 80%. Steel fiber reinforcement also caused a small decrease in the modulus of elasticity and changed the shape of the stress–strain relationship to become more curvilinear. A large increase in the compression toughness was recorded. This indicated a significant gain in ductility when steel fiber reinforcement is used.

Some characteristics of high strength fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete

Fly ash lightweight aggregates in high performance concrete

Two lightweight aggregate concretes, SLWC35 and SLWC50, of 35 and 50 MPa 28 day cube compressive strength were cast. The concrete specimens made with lightweight coarse aggregates and a dune sand were continuously cured in water for one or 7 days and then exposed to predominantly hot and humid seaside ambient conditions containing air-borne salts. After 7 days of initial curing and on subsequent exposure to hot and humid air both SLWCs attained an almost similar strength to those continuously water cured cubes at an age of 12 months. In contrast, the water penetrability of SLWC35 and SLWC50 after 7 days of initial curing and subsequent exposure to the sea side was about 2 and 1.8 times the water penetration of those slabs which were water cured for the entire duration of 12 months. However, the depth of carbonation of the two sand lightweight concretes up to an age of 12 months were negligibly small. The results suggest that compressive strength is comparatively less sensitive to the curing regimes investigated. Both the chloride and sulphate penetration after 12 months exposure were found to be within tolerable limits. Also replacement of lightweight fine aggregate with normal weight sand produces a concrete that is somewhat more durable as indicated by their water penetrability and depth of carbonation when concretes are of equal strength.

Strength and durability of lightweight concrete

A mix design procedure for low calcium alkali activated fly ash-based concretes

This paper presents an investigation into the extent and reasons of the observed improvement in performance that ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) contributes against chloride initiated corrosion. Tests conducted on concretes with blended cement included Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT), long term ponding, corrosion current monitoring, pore size distribution and X-ray diffraction analyses. Values of the RCPT and corrosion current were significantly reduced as the proportion of GGBFS increased. The results showed only small refinements in pore size distribution, as well as indications of the formation of Friedel’s salt. The tests however, revealed the formation of hydrotalcite as a significant hydration product in GGBFS blends. The results further demonstrated the efficiency of hydrotalcite in binding chloride ions. The authors attribute the reduction in corrosion current to the efficient binding of chloride ions by the hydrotalcite that forms in GGBFS hydration products.

Obada Kayali

Papers

Some characteristics of high strength fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete

Fly ash lightweight aggregates in high performance concrete

Strength and durability of lightweight concrete

A mix design procedure for low calcium alkali activated fly ash-based concretes

The role of hydrotalcite in chloride binding and corrosion protection in concretes with ground granulated blast furnace slag