Raw starch degrading enzymes (RSDE) refer to enzymes that can directly degrade raw starch granules below the gelatinization temperature of starch. These promising enzymes can significantly reduce energy and simplify the process in starch industry. RSDE are ubiquitous and produced by plants, animals, and microorganisms. However, microbial sources are the most preferred one for large-scale production. During the past few decades, RSDE have been studied extensively. This paper reviews the recent development in the production, purification, properties, and application of microbial RSDE. This is the first review on microbial RSDE to date.

Recent Advances in Microbial Raw Starch Degrading Enzymes

This article surveys methods for the enzymatic conversion of starch, involving hydrolases and nonhydrolyzing enzymes, as well as the role of microorganisms producing such enzymes. The sources of the most common enzymes are listed. These starch conversions are also presented in relation to their applications in the food, pharmaceutical, pulp, textile, and other branches of industry. Some sections are devoted to the fermentation of starch to ethanol and other products, and to the production of cyclodextrins, along with the properties of these products. Light is also shed on the enzymes involved in the digestion of starch in human and animal organisms. Enzymatic processes acting on starch are useful in structural studies of the substrates and in understanding the characteristics of digesting enzymes. One section presents the application of enzymes to these problems. The information that is included covers the period from the early 19th century up to 2009.

Enzymatic conversions of starch.

https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/85755/1/soil.meta.pdf

Soil metagenomics reveals differences under conventional and no-tillage with crop rotation or succession

Optimisation of solid state fermentation of potato peel for the production of cellulolytic enzymes

Production and Characterization of Î±-Amylase from Aspergillus niger

Eight Aspergillus niger strains which produced strong starch degrading amylase were isolated from the soil using a medium containing Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB) starch as substrate. Amylase production was detected by the disappearance of the blue colour around the colony. Among the isolates, A. niger AM07 produced the largest clear zone (7.0mm) on Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB) agar plate and also gave the highest amylase yield (806 U/ml) in solid-state fermentation process, hence it was selected for further studies. The crude amylase preparation of A. niger AM07 had temperature and pH optima activities at 60 o C and 4.0 respectively. The optimum substrate concentration was 3 %. The action of the crude amylase of A. niger on raw tuber starches of yam, cassava, sweet potato and cocoyam were studied in comparison with the well known maize starch which is a cereal starch. The crude amylase was able to hydrolyze all the raw starches tested. Hydrolysis was significantly (p<0.05) dependent on starch source and length of incubation. At 72-h incubation time, raw cassava starch gave the highest yield of 200.1 mg/g with a conversion efficiency of 198.91% while raw maize starch gave a yield of 109.6 mg/g with 108.95 % conversion efficiency. Raw cocoyam starch was more resistant to hydrolysis and incubation of cocoyam starch beyond 24 h, resulted in decreased yield of reducing sugars. Thin layer chromatography showed glucose as the main sugar produced with low level of maltose.

/pdf/hydrolysis-of-raw-tuber-starches-by-amylase-of-aspergillus-52ox90xf7p.pdf

OD Teniola

Papers

Hydrolysis of raw tuber starches by amylase of Aspergillus niger AM07 isolated from the soil