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Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

In the last two decades, plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) has been the subject of intense research efforts. Plasmon physics is intriguing and its precise modelling proved to be challenging. In fact, plasmons are highly responsive to a multitude of factors, either intrinsic to the Au NPs or from the environment, and recently the need emerged for the correction of standard electromagnetic approaches with quantum effects. Applications related to plasmon absorption and scattering in Au NPs are impressively numerous, ranging from sensing to photothermal effects to cell imaging. Also, plasmon-enhanced phenomena are highly interesting for multiple purposes, including, for instance, Raman spectroscopy of nearby analytes, catalysis, or sunlight energy conversion. In addition, plasmon excitation is involved in a series of advanced physical processes such as non-linear optics, optical trapping, magneto-plasmonics, and optical activity. Here, we provide the general overview of the field and the background for appropriate modelling of the physical phenomena. Then, we report on the current state of the art and most recent applications of plasmon resonance in Au NPs.

Surface plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles: a review.

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of oxide-free Cu nanoparticles fabricated by nanosphere lithography is examined by UV−vis extinction spectroscopy and electrodynamics theory. The LSPR of the Cu nanoparticles is significantly affected by the presence of copper oxides and the removal of the oxide species yields a dramatic difference in the observed LSPR. From a comparison of the LSPR of Cu, Ag, and Au nanoparticles of similar geometry, we conclude that Cu displays an intense and narrow LSPR peak that is comparable to Ag and Au.

Plasmonic Properties of Copper Nanoparticles Fabricated by Nanosphere Lithography

Metallic nanostructures now play an important role in many applications. In particular, for the emerging fields of plasmonics and nanophotonics, the ability to engineer metals on nanometric scales allows the development of new devices and the study of exciting physics. This review focuses on top-down nanofabrication techniques for engineering metallic nanostructures, along with computational and experimental characterization techniques. A variety of current and emerging applications are also covered.

/pdf/engineering-metallic-nanostructures-for-plasmonics-and-3c47ox5c4s.pdf

Engineering metallic nanostructures for plasmonics and nanophotonics

The solubility of Ag NPs can affect their toxicity and persistence in the environment. We measured the solubility of organic-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) having particle diameters ranging from 5 to 80 nm that were synthesized using various methods, and with different organic polymer coatings including poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and gum arabic. The size and morphology of Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and synchrotron-based total X-ray scattering and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis were used to determine the local structure around Ag and evaluate changes in crystal lattice parameters and structure as a function of NP size. Ag NP solubility dispersed in 1 mM NaHCO3 at pH 8 was found to be well correlated with particle size based on the distribution of measured TEM sizes as predicted by the modified Kelvin equation. Solubility of Ag NPs was not affected by the synthesis method and coating as much as by thei...

/pdf/size-controlled-dissolution-of-organic-coated-silver-1rrjvkc8c9.pdf

Size-Controlled Dissolution of Organic-Coated Silver Nanoparticles

Temperature dependence of the surface plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles

The size dependence of the photoluminescence spectra from silver nanoparticles embedded in a silica host medium was observed. The quantum yield of the photoluminescence increased when the size of the nanoparticles was decreased. The quantum yield for 8 nm silver nanoparticle was estimated to be on the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ which is ${10}^{8}$ times higher than the one observed for bulk silver. The two photoluminescence bands observed from silver nanoparticles were rationalized as the radiative electron interband transitions and radiative decay of the surface plasmons in silver nanoparticles. The strong local electric field induced by the surface-plasmon resonance in silver nanoparticles enhances the exciting and emitted photons and increases the quantum yield of the photoluminescence.

Size-dependent surface-plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from silver nanoparticles embedded in silica

We report size-dependent melting of spherical copper nanoparticles embedded in a silica matrix Based on the temperature dependence of the surface-plasmon resonance energy and its width, we observe two distinct melting regimes For particles smaller than 20 nm, the absorption spectrum changes monotonically with the temperature, and this allows us to assume the gradual solid-liquid phase transition melting of the nanoparticles or the existence of superheated solid nanoparticles In contrast, for nanoparticles larger than 20 nm, we observe a jumplike increase of the bandwidth and a nonmonotonic shift of surface-plasmon band with the increase of temperature below the bulk melting point This indicates that the melting of large nanoparticles is a first-order phase transition similar to the melting of bulk copper

http://phys.univ.kiev.ua/exphys/lect/papers/Cu%20nano%20melt.pdf

Size-dependent melting of spherical copper nanoparticles embedded in a silica matrix

The surface plasmon energy in spherical silver nanoparticles embedded in silica host matrix depends on the size and temperature of the nanoparticles. The depend- ences of the surface plasmon energy were studied for silver nanoparticles in the size range 11-30 nm and in the temper- ature interval 293-650 K. As the size of the nanoparticles decreases or the temperature increases, the surface plasmon resonance shifts to red. When the size of the nanoparticles decreases, the scattering rate of the conduction electrons increases, which results in the nonlinear red shift of the surface plasmon resonance. The red shift with temperature is linear for larger nanoparticles and becomes nonlinear for smaller ones. As the temperature of the nanoparticles increases, the volume thermal expansion of the nanopar- ticles leads to the red shift of the surface plasmon resonance. The thermal volume expansion coefficient depends on the size and temperature. It increases with a decrease of the nanoparticle size and an increase of the temperature.

Size and Temperature Effects on the Surface Plasmon Resonance in Silver Nanoparticles

Copper nanoparticles have been grown in silica matrix by annealing of the sol-gel prepared porous matrix impregnated with the copper nitrate. The annealing has been performed in air, successively in air and hydrogen, and in hydrogen. Cu nanoparticles in size range of 2-65 nm have been grown depending on annealing conditions. Annealing in air results in copper oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O) growth as well. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical spectroscopy of the copper nanoparticles in silica matrix have been performed. The copper nanoparticles of two types are grown: spherical mature particles and elliptical seed particles. The surface plasmon peak has been observed clearly in absorption spectra of Cu nanoparticles. Surface plasmon peak in absorption spectra of Cu nanoparticles demonstrates slight blue shift with decrease of the particle size. The half-width of the surface plasmon peak decreases appreciably at the lowering of temperature from 293 K to 77 and 4.2K that is due to strong electron-phonon interaction. The low-frequency Raman scattering data are in agreement with electron microscopy and absorption data. Photoluminescence from the copper nanoparticles has been observed. Efficiency of the luminescence increases appreciably at the decrease of particle size. The observed increase is explained, probably, by the coupling of the excited incoming and outgoing emitted photons with surface plasmon.

Oleg A. Yeshchenko

Papers

Temperature dependence of the surface plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles

Size-dependent surface-plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from silver nanoparticles embedded in silica

Size-dependent melting of spherical copper nanoparticles embedded in a silica matrix

Size and Temperature Effects on the Surface Plasmon Resonance in Silver Nanoparticles

Influence of Annealing Conditions on Structure and Optical Properties of Copper Nanoparticles Embedded in Silica Matrix