Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, structure and properties

THE termination of protein synthesis in ribosomes is governed by termination (stop) codons in messenger RNAs and by polypeptide chain release factors (RFs). Although the primary structure of prokaryotic RFs and yeast mitochrondrial RF is established1–4, that of the only known eukaryotic RF (eRF)5 remains obscure. Here we report the assignment of a family of tightly related proteins (designated eRFl) from lower and higher eukaryotes which are structurally and functionally similar to rabbit eRF. Two of these proteins, one from human6 and the other from Xenopus laevis7 , have been expressed in yeast and Escherichia coli, respectively, purified and shown to be active in the in vitro RF assay. The other protein of this family, sup45 (supl) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is involved in omnipotent suppression during translation8–12. The amino-acid sequence of the eRFl family is highly conserved. We conclude that the eRFl proteins are directly implicated in the termination of translation in eukaryotes.

A highly conserved eukaryotic protein family possessing properties of polypeptide chain release factor

Processing parameters in laser powder bed fusion metal additive manufacturing

Genes showing higher expression in either tumor or metastatic tissues can help in better understanding tumor formation and can serve as biomarkers of progression or as potential therapy targets. Our goal was to establish an integrated database using available transcriptome-level datasets and to create a web platform which enables the mining of this database by comparing normal, tumor and metastatic data across all genes in real time. We utilized data generated by either gene arrays from the Gene Expression Omnibus of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI-GEO) or RNA-seq from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET), and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) repositories. The altered expression within different platforms was analyzed separately. Statistical significance was computed using Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests. False Discovery Rate (FDR) was computed using the Benjamini–Hochberg method. The entire database contains 56,938 samples, including 33,520 samples from 3180 gene chip-based studies (453 metastatic, 29,376 tumorous and 3691 normal samples), 11,010 samples from TCGA (394 metastatic, 9886 tumorous and 730 normal), 1193 samples from TARGET (1 metastatic, 1180 tumorous and 12 normal) and 11,215 normal samples from GTEx. The most consistently upregulated genes across multiple tumor types were TOP2A (FC = 7.8), SPP1 (FC = 7.0) and CENPA (FC = 6.03), and the most consistently downregulated gene was ADH1B (FC = 0.15). Validation of differential expression using equally sized training and test sets confirmed the reliability of the database in breast, colon, and lung cancer at an FDR below 10%. The online analysis platform enables unrestricted mining of the database and is accessible at TNMplot.com.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2622/pdf

TNMplot.com: A Web Tool for the Comparison of Gene Expression in Normal, Tumor and Metastatic Tissues.

http://segenetica.org/cng2/cng2008/biblio/Ref-M-Ruiz-Rejon,-satellite-DNAs-Gene-2008.pdf

Satellite DNAs between selfishness and functionality: structure, genomics and evolution of tandem repeats in centromeric (hetero)chromatin.

The mesoscale deformation-induced surface roughening is formed by grain clusters involved in collective out-of-plane displacements. In order to reproduce these processes in simulations by the crystal plasticity finite element method, a polycrystalline structure is introduced into consideration explicitly. A topical issue related to this kind of simulations is how many grains the model should contain to be a representative of the mesoscale. In this study, four polycrystalline models with different sizes and a number of grains are examined to determine the representative volume element capable of reproducing mesoscale deformation-related phenomena. It is shown that the range of plastic deformation where the model is applicable directly correlates with its size and a number of grains. The more grains are arranged along the axis of tension, the larger plastic strain the model is able to accommodate.

On the definition of RVE size in simulations of mesoscale deformation-induced surface roughening in polycrystals

The ever-increasing demand for lightweight complex-shaped components is the key driver for additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy parts. Due to extreme process conditions, additively manufactured aluminum alloys are characterized by specific microstructures and thus mechanical properties different from those observed in conventionally manufactured alloys of similar composition. This paper discusses the current research status of microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys produced by selective laser melting, focusing on Al-Si alloys.

A review of microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured aluminum alloys

Polysilazane-based ceramic coatings have ever-increasing applications in critical and high-power engineering. This paper analyzes the effects of the substrate grain size, the curvature of the coati...

Computational parametric study for plastic strain localization and fracture in a polycrystalline material with a porous ceramic coating

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to oncology and molecular biology and discloses the use of transcriptional level of a TIMP3 gene in the form of a diagnosis marker for a non-small cell carcinoma of lung. The decreased transcriptional level in a human tissue which is invaded by cancer for a long time in comparison with the level thereof in a sound tissue is used in the form of a diagnosis character of a non-small cell carcinoma of lung. Said invention makes it possible to diagnosticate with a very high degree of confidence a non-small cell carcinoma of lung, including a squamous cell carcinoma, at a very early stage of the progression of a neoplastic aberration.

Method for diagnosis of non-small cell carcinoma of lung and a kit therefor

Experimental and numerical studies on deformation-induced surface roughening in a commercial purity aluminum alloy are presented and discussed. Mesoscale surface profiles evolving in the experimental and numerical specimens in the course of tension are processed to reveal a correlation between roughness characteristics and in-plane plastic strains at the mesoscale. A dimensionless parameter calculated as a ratio of the rough profile length to the profile evaluation length has been used for quantitative estimations of the mesoscale roughness patterns. The dimensionless roughness parameter is shown to depend exponentially on the in-plane plastic strains at the mesoscale. The results support an early assumption that in-plane plastic strains accumulated in a loaded material can be evaluated from the estimations of mesoscale surface roughness. 

Olga Zinovieva

Papers

On the definition of RVE size in simulations of mesoscale deformation-induced surface roughening in polycrystals

A review of microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured aluminum alloys

Computational parametric study for plastic strain localization and fracture in a polycrystalline material with a porous ceramic coating

Method for diagnosis of non-small cell carcinoma of lung and a kit therefor

A Correlation between Deformation-Induced Surface Roughness and In-Plane Plastic Strain in an Aluminum Alloy at the Mesoscale