Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, structure and properties

THE termination of protein synthesis in ribosomes is governed by termination (stop) codons in messenger RNAs and by polypeptide chain release factors (RFs). Although the primary structure of prokaryotic RFs and yeast mitochrondrial RF is established1–4, that of the only known eukaryotic RF (eRF)5 remains obscure. Here we report the assignment of a family of tightly related proteins (designated eRFl) from lower and higher eukaryotes which are structurally and functionally similar to rabbit eRF. Two of these proteins, one from human6 and the other from Xenopus laevis7 , have been expressed in yeast and Escherichia coli, respectively, purified and shown to be active in the in vitro RF assay. The other protein of this family, sup45 (supl) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is involved in omnipotent suppression during translation8–12. The amino-acid sequence of the eRFl family is highly conserved. We conclude that the eRFl proteins are directly implicated in the termination of translation in eukaryotes.

A highly conserved eukaryotic protein family possessing properties of polypeptide chain release factor

Processing parameters in laser powder bed fusion metal additive manufacturing

Genes showing higher expression in either tumor or metastatic tissues can help in better understanding tumor formation and can serve as biomarkers of progression or as potential therapy targets. Our goal was to establish an integrated database using available transcriptome-level datasets and to create a web platform which enables the mining of this database by comparing normal, tumor and metastatic data across all genes in real time. We utilized data generated by either gene arrays from the Gene Expression Omnibus of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI-GEO) or RNA-seq from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET), and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) repositories. The altered expression within different platforms was analyzed separately. Statistical significance was computed using Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests. False Discovery Rate (FDR) was computed using the Benjamini–Hochberg method. The entire database contains 56,938 samples, including 33,520 samples from 3180 gene chip-based studies (453 metastatic, 29,376 tumorous and 3691 normal samples), 11,010 samples from TCGA (394 metastatic, 9886 tumorous and 730 normal), 1193 samples from TARGET (1 metastatic, 1180 tumorous and 12 normal) and 11,215 normal samples from GTEx. The most consistently upregulated genes across multiple tumor types were TOP2A (FC = 7.8), SPP1 (FC = 7.0) and CENPA (FC = 6.03), and the most consistently downregulated gene was ADH1B (FC = 0.15). Validation of differential expression using equally sized training and test sets confirmed the reliability of the database in breast, colon, and lung cancer at an FDR below 10%. The online analysis platform enables unrestricted mining of the database and is accessible at TNMplot.com.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2622/pdf

TNMplot.com: A Web Tool for the Comparison of Gene Expression in Normal, Tumor and Metastatic Tissues.

http://segenetica.org/cng2/cng2008/biblio/Ref-M-Ruiz-Rejon,-satellite-DNAs-Gene-2008.pdf

Satellite DNAs between selfishness and functionality: structure, genomics and evolution of tandem repeats in centromeric (hetero)chromatin.

The deformation behavior of aluminum single crystals subjected to compression along the [100] and [110] directions is numerically examined in terms of crystal plasticity. A constitutive model taking into account slip geometry in face-centered cubic crystals is developed using experimental data for the single-crystal samples with lateral sides coplanar to certain crystal planes. Two sets of calculations are performed using ABAQUS/Explicit to examine the features of plastic strain evolution in perfectly plastic and strain-hardened crystals. Special attention is given to the discussion of mechanical aspects of crystal fragmentation. Several distinct deformation stages are revealed in the calculations. In the first stage, narrow solitary fronts of plastic deformation are alternately formed near the top or bottom surfaces and then propagate towards opposite ends to save the symmetry of the crystal shape. The strain rate within the fronts is an order of magnitude higher than the average strain rate. The first stage lasts longer in the strain-hardened crystals, eventually giving way to an intermediate stage of multiple slips in different crystal parts. Finally, the crystal shape becomes asymmetrical, but no pronounced macroscopic strain localization has been revealed at any deformation stage. The second stage in perfectly plastic crystals relates to abrupt strain localization within a through-thickness band-shaped region, accompanied by macroscale crystal fragmentation. Stress analysis has shown that pure compression took place only in the first deformation stage. Once the crystal shape has lost its symmetry, the compressive stress in some regions progressively decreases to zero and eventually turns tensile.

/pdf/mechanical-aspects-of-nonhomogeneous-deformation-of-aluminum-2vlzr9qk.pdf

Mechanical Aspects of Nonhomogeneous Deformation of Aluminum Single Crystals under Compression along [100] and [110] Directions

A microstructure-based constitutive model for a polycrystalline titanium alloy is constructed on the basis of anisotropic elasticity and crystal plasticity theory, with allowance made for the prismatic and basal slip systems. A three-dimensional polycrystalline structure consisting of 1600 grains is designed by a step-by-step packing method and introduced explicitly into finite-element calculations. Numerical modeling of uniaxial tension is performed using Abaqus/Explicit. Grains unfavorably oriented to the loading axis are shown to remain elastic, while slip occurs in the neighboring grains. As this takes place, rotational modes of deformation are activated in addition to shear strain (translational) modes, and surface grains with a low ability to yield demonstrate a tendency towards extrusion.

A micromechanical model for the deformation behavior of titanium polycrystals

Micromechanical model of 316l steel produced by selective laser melting

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to oncology and molecular biology and discloses the use of transcriptional level of a TIMP3 gene in the form of a diagnosis marker for a non-small cell carcinoma of lung. The decreased transcriptional level in a human tissue which is invaded by cancer for a long time in comparison with the level thereof in a sound tissue is used in the form of a diagnosis character of a non-small cell carcinoma of lung. Said invention makes it possible to diagnosticate with a very high degree of confidence a non-small cell carcinoma of lung, including a squamous cell carcinoma, at a very early stage of the progression of a neoplastic aberration.

Transcriptional level of a timp3 gene in the form of a diagnosis marker of a non-small cell carcinoma of lung

Mesoscale surface deformation in polycrystalline aluminum alloys subjected to uniaxial tension is numerically investigated. Three-dimensional polycrystalline models with equiaxial and extended grains peculiar to rolling are constructed by a step-by-step packing method. Calculation results have shown that the grain structure is responsible for the mesoscale surface roughening under uniaxial tension. The roughness pattern is affected by the microstructure and loading conditions. In a specimen with equiaxial grains and in a textured material loaded across the rolling direction surface relief is very pronounced in comparison with the extended grain structure loaded along rolling direction.

/pdf/numerical-analysis-of-strain-induced-surface-phenomena-in-ucw80m19i0.pdf

Olga Zinovieva

Papers

Mechanical Aspects of Nonhomogeneous Deformation of Aluminum Single Crystals under Compression along [100] and [110] Directions

A micromechanical model for the deformation behavior of titanium polycrystals

Micromechanical model of 316l steel produced by selective laser melting

Transcriptional level of a timp3 gene in the form of a diagnosis marker of a non-small cell carcinoma of lung

Numerical Analysis of Strain-Induced Surface Phenomena in Aluminum Alloys