Showing papers by "Oliver Razum published in 2023"
TL;DR: In this article , a case study of the University of California found that animal-based foods contribute disproportionately to the environmental footprint of universities compared with plant-based food, and substantially so.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present recommendations for the collection and analysis of migration-related, as well as social and structural, determinants of health in order to describe health inequalities and to specifically identify the needs of people with a history of migration.
Abstract: Background According to the definition of the German Federal Statistical Office, about every fourth person living in Germany has a so-called migration background (MB), i.e., the person or at least one of their parents was born without German citizenship. However, MB has been defined differently in many studies. Also, the MB summarises people in different living situations, making differentiated analysis in health science more difficult. This article formulates recommendations for the collection and analysis of migration-related, as well as social and structural, determinants of health. Indicators for capturing relevant determinants of health As part of the Improving Health Monitoring in Migrant Populations project (IMIRA), the previous approaches to operationalise and measure migration-related determinants were revised based on literature research and exchange formats, such as workshops, meetings, congress contributions, etc. Instead of MB, the country of birth of the respondents and their parents, duration of residence, citizenship(s), residence status, and German language proficiency should be recorded as minimum indicators and analysed as individual variables. Further social and structural determinants, such as socioeconomic position, working and housing conditions, or self-reported discrimination, should be included. Conclusions In order to describe health inequalities and to specifically identify the needs of people with a history of migration, a mutual and differentiated consideration of migration-related and social determinants of health is essential.
2 citations
TL;DR: Using the Mertonian lens, the authors examined the impact of philanthropy on the polio eradication in Africa, its unintended consequences, and crucial dilemmas, which could impact the polio fight and philanthropy.
Abstract: Polio eradication efforts including polio‐philanthropy have been coordinated and sustained since 1988, with the introduction of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). The polio fight is sustained in the name of evidence‐based benevolence or beneficent philanthropy from which Africa has benefited immensely. With the recorded polio cases as of 2023, more efforts and funds are required to eradicate polio. Hence, it is not yet “Uhuru.” Using the Mertonian lens, this study examines polio‐philanthropy in Africa, its unintended consequences, and crucial dilemmas, which could impact the polio fight and polio‐philanthropy.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors conducted a systematic review to update knowledge on the association between characteristics of the postmigration living situation (PMLS) and mental health outcomes in Europe since 2015.
Abstract: Refugees and asylum seekers have a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. The postmigration context inheres different risk and protective factors for mental health of refugees and asylum seekers in host countries. We conducted a systematic review to update knowledge on the association between characteristics of the postmigration living situation (PMLS) and mental health outcomes in Europe since 2015.We searched in five databases according to the PRISMA statement. From a total of 5,579 relevant studies published in 2015-22, 3,839 were included for title and abstract screening, and 70 full texts screened for eligibility. Out of these, 19 studies on refugees and asylum seekers conducted in European countries after 2014 were included in this systematic review. The quality of studies was assessed by using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) - version 2018. We performed a narrative synthesis using the four layers of the social determinants of health framework.A wide range of risk and protective factors for mental health in the PMLS were identified as exposure measures, which included individual factors (e.g., language skills), social and community networks (e.g., family concerns, loneliness and social support, discrimination), living and working conditions (e.g., legal status, duration of residence, unemployment and financial hardship, housing) as well as general socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors (e.g., social status, acculturation). We found postmigration stressors are positively associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, albeit not consistently so. Especially, the general socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors showed weak associations with mental health.Heterogenous study characteristics likely explain the inconsistent associations between characteristics of the PMLS and mental health outcomes. However, broken down in its component layers, most risk and protective factors of the PMLS were significantly associated with symptoms of mental disorders showing the same direction of association across the included studies, while the association between some stressors or resources of the PMLS and mental health turns out to be less homogeneous than expected. Characteristics of the PMLS contribute to the high prevalence of mental diseases of refugees and asylum seekers. Disadvantages in general socio-economic conditions, living and working conditions, in access to social and community networks need to be redressed, in addition to better access to health care.
TL;DR: In this article , the role of stress and stress biology in the intergenerational perpetuation of health disparities in Turkish-origin pregnant women was examined in a multi-site prospective cohort study.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the significance of legal status for well-being and access to and use of needs-based health care by asylum seekers and refugees in Germany and found that health care utilisation was associated with an unsecure legal status but not with unmet care needs.
Abstract: Objectives: The study aims to investigate the significance of legal status for well-being and access to and use of needs-based health care by asylum seekers and refugees in Germany. Methods: Using a mixed-method-design, we first conducted a cross-sectional study to explore access to health care and unmet needs of refugees and asylum seekers and legal status. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. For the qualitative study a heterogeneous sample was recruited from the quantitative data. Interviews were analysed using a deductive-inductive approach. Results: Quantitative results showed that health care utilisation was associated with an unsecure legal status but not with unmet care needs. The in-depth qualitative study revealed that the legal status determines experiences of structural violence that can negatively affect well-being and associated access to health care. Conclusion: An insecure legal status can affect access to health care for refugees and asylum seekers. In order to improve health, changes in living conditions and the removal of access barriers are necessary.
20 Jul 2023