Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising third‐generation solar cells. They exhibit high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and, in theory, can be manufactured with less energy than several more established photovoltaic technologies, particularly solution‐processed PSCs. Various materials have been widely utilized to modify the buried bottom interface to improve the performance and long‐term stability of PSCs. Here, the latest progress in modifying the buried interface to enhance the performance and stability of PSCs is examined from a materials standpoint, which is classified into inorganic salts, the organic molecular and polymer, carbon materials, perovskite‐related materials, and 2D materials. This material perspective is useful in determining the tactics for achieving the theoretical PCE value of PSCs. It also serves as a solid reference of interface adjustment for other layered structure heterojunction devices.

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Buried Interface Modification in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Materials Perspective

Since the first publication by Miyasaka in 2009 on the use of lead halide perovskite as a light-harvesting material (Kojima, A.; Teshima, K.; Shirai, Y.; Miyasaka, T. Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6050), unprecedented successes have been achieved and great efforts have been made in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to push the power conversion efficiency (PCE) past 25%, which corresponds to ∼80% of this material’s theoretical bandgap limit determined on the basis of the Shockley–Queisser theory. Recent progress is mainly attributed to the development of key strategies that effectively reduce the defects on the surface of the perovskite layer and minimize non-radiative recombination at the interfaces, thereby enhancing device efficiency. For future development of PSCs with PCEs exceeding 26%, this Perspective highlights an investigation of the key factors that have allowed realization of efficient PSCs with state-of-the-art PCEs and includes a discussion of practical strategies, including full optimization of the electron-transport layer, minimization of defect loss related to non-radiative recombination, and enhancement of light-harvesting near the band-edge. 

Toward Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress, Strategies, and Perspectives

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made huge progress with a record power conversion efficiency of up to 25.8% (certified 25.5%) in the last decade. Hole transporting materials (HTMs) are essential...

Recent advances in dopant-free organic hole-transporting materials for efficient, stable and low-cost perovskite solar cells

Following the 2nd release of the “Emerging PV reports,” the best achievements in the performance of emerging photovoltaic devices in diverse emerging photovoltaic research subjects are summarized, as reported in peer‐reviewed articles in academic journals since August 2021. Updated graphs, tables, and analyses are provided with several performance parameters, e.g., power conversion efficiency, open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, fill factor, light utilization efficiency, and stability test energy yield. These parameters are presented as a function of the photovoltaic bandgap energy and the average visible transmittance for each technology and application, and are put into perspective using, e.g., the detailed balance efficiency limit. The 3rd installment of the “Emerging PV reports” extends the scope toward triple junction solar cells.

Device Performance of Emerging Photovoltaic Materials (Version 3)

All-inorganic CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl or their mixtures) perovskites attract enormous attention in recent years due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, outstanding thermal/light stability, and wide range of applications in electronic devices. Encouragingly, the reported power conversion efficiency of CsPbX3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) rockets up from 2.9% in 2015 to the present 21.0%. In order to further promote the performance of CsPbX3 PSCs toward the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit, it is important to optimize the quality of perovskite films by crystallization kinetics modulation and defect suppression. In this review, first, some fundamental information about all-inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites is briefly introduced, including the crystallization mechanism, growth mode, crystal structure, and phase stability as well as possible defects and their effects on device performance. Second, the recent exciting progress of the crystallization modulation strategies for high-quality CsPbX3 films is summarized and discussed in detail. The advantages of different strategies, including annealing engineering, solvent engineering, precursor engineering, composition engineering, and interface engineering, are highlighted. Finally, methods for improving the efficiency of inorganic PSCs are discussed, and the future development prospects of inorganic PSCs are also outlined. 

Recent Advances in CsPb
 X
 3
 Perovskite Solar Cells: Focus on Crystallization Characteristics and Controlling Strategies

Owing to rapid development in their efficiency1 and stability2, perovskite solar cells are at the forefront of emerging photovoltaic technologies. State-of-the-art cells exhibit voltage losses3-8 approaching the theoretical minimum and near-unity internal quantum efficiency9-13, but conversion efficiencies are limited by the fill factor (<83%, below the Shockley-Queisser limit of approximately 90%). This limitation results from non-ideal charge transport between the perovskite absorber and the cell's electrodes5,8,13-16. Reducing the electrical series resistance of charge transport layers is therefore crucial for improving efficiency. Here we introduce a reverse-doping process to fabricate nitrogen-doped titanium oxide electron transport layers with outstanding charge transport performance. By incorporating this charge transport material into perovskite solar cells, we demonstrate 1-cm2 cells with fill factors of >86%, and an average fill factor of 85.3%. We also report a certified steady-state efficiency of 22.6% for a 1-cm2 cell (23.33% ± 0.58% from a reverse current-voltage scan). 

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Olivier Lee Cheong Lem

Papers

Centimetre-scale perovskite solar cells with fill factors of more than 86 per cent