政治自由主义 = Political liberalism

Climate change is not 'a problem' waiting for 'a solution' It is an environmental, cultural and political phenomenon which is re-shaping the way we think about ourselves, our societies and humanity's place on Earth Drawing upon twenty-five years of professional work as an international climate change scientist and public commentator, Mike Hulme provides a unique insider's account of the emergence of this phenomenon and the diverse ways in which it is understood He uses different standpoints from science, economics, faith, psychology, communication, sociology, politics and development to explain why we disagree about climate change In this way he shows that climate change, far from being simply an 'issue' or a 'threat', can act as a catalyst to revise our perception of our place in the world Why We Disagree About Climate Change is an important contribution to the ongoing debate over climate change and its likely impact on our lives

https://assets.cambridge.org/97805217/27327/copyright/9780521727327_copyright_info.pdf

Why we disagree about climate change : understanding controversy, inaction and opportunity

The State of Food and Agriculture

The course is focused on historical texts, most of them philosophical. Context for understanding the texts and the course of democratic development will be provided in lecture and discussions, and by some background readings (Dunn). We begin with the remarkable Athenian democracy, and its frequent enemy the Spartan oligarchy. In Athens legislation was passed directly by an assembly of all citizens, and executive officials were selected by lot rather than by competitive election. Athenian oligarchs such as Plato more admired Sparta, and their disdain for the democracy became the judgment of the ages, until well after the modern democratic revolutions. Marsilius of Padua in the early Middle Ages argued for popular sovereignty. The Italian citystates of the Middle Ages did without kings, and looked back to Rome and Greece for republican models. During the English Civil War republicans debated whether the few or the many should be full citizens of the regime. The English, French, and American revolutions struggled with justifying and establishing a representative democracy suitable for a large state, and relied on election rather than lot to select officials. The English established a constitutional monarchy, admired in Europe, and adapted by the Americans in their republican constitution. The American Revolution helped inspire the French, and the French inspired republican and democratic revolution throughout Europe during the 19 century.

/pdf/democracy-and-its-critics-2zxg086s7q.pdf

Democracy and Its Critics

Climate Change 1995 is a scientific assessment that was generated by more than 1 000 contributors from over 50 nations. It was jointly co-ordinated through two international agencies; the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. The assessment was completed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) with a primary aim of reviewing the current state of knowledge concerning the impacts of climate change on physical and ecological systems, human health, and socioeconomic factors. The second aim was to review the available information on the technical and economic feasibility of the potential mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Climate Change 1995

Towards Sustainable Development

In this paper, it is argued that there are significant differences between the concepts of ecological modernization and sustainable development. The different ways in which these concepts frame various approaches to environmental policy have important implications. They affect not only the scope, but also the goals, targets and level of ambition that environmental policy-makers should aim at. Ecological modernization should be seen as a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for sustainable development. Conflating the two is not only counterproductive for the broader agenda of sustainable development, but also for the environmental policies necessary for realizing sustainable development. Therefore, ecological modernization and sustainable development should not be conflated. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Why ecological modernization and sustainable development should not be conflated

The concept of sustainable development was placed on the international agenda with the release of the report Our Common Future by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987. Although considerable attention has since been devoted to the idea of sustainable development itself, the broader conceptual framework of the idea—whereby the Commission tried to integrate environmental policies and development strategies in order to create the foundation for a global partnership—has been neglected in much of the literature. The purpose of the present article is to offer an interpretation of Our Common Future, where the concept of sustainable development is linked to the broader framework of normative preconditions and empirical assumptions. The structure of the argument is to demonstrate that the relationship between sustainable development and economic growth has been over-emphasized, and that other vital aspects of the normative framework have been neglected. Social justice (both within and between...

Sustainable Development: Exploring the Ethics of Our Common Future

This article makes two arguments. First, that social justice constitutes an inherent part of the conception of sustainable development that the World Commission on Environment and Development outlined in Our Common Future (1987). The primary goal of the Commission was to reconcile physical sustainability, need satisfaction and equal opportunities, within and between generations. Sustainable development is what defines this reconciliation. Second, it is argued that this conception of sustainable development is broadly compatible with liberal theories of justice. Sustainable development, however, goes beyond liberal theories of justice in many respects. It is based on three assumptions, which are for the most part ignored in liberal theories: an accelerating ecological interdependence, historical inequality in past resource use, and the 'growth of limits'. These assumptions create a conflict between intra- and intergenerational justice, which is ignored in liberal theories, but which sustainable development tries to solve. It does so by imposing duties on developed countries that goes beyond liberal demands, and by abandoning the focus 'solely on protection' that dominates non-anthropocentric approaches to environmental sustainability.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30301747

Sustainable Development and Social Justice: Expanding the Rawlsian Framework of Global Justice

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ese3.380

Oluf Langhelle

Papers

Towards Sustainable Development

Why ecological modernization and sustainable development should not be conflated

Sustainable Development: Exploring the Ethics of Our Common Future

Sustainable Development and Social Justice: Expanding the Rawlsian Framework of Global Justice

Natural gas: A transition fuel for sustainable energy system transformation?