Marxism and Communism in Twentieth-Century Mexico

This article examines the limits of twentieth-century Argentine liberalism in light of two important rights for women: divorce and free access to contraceptive methods. Taking into account the liberal impulse of modernity at the beginning of the century and a phase of "neomodernity" upheld by neoliberal forces at the end of the century, the article argues that, while modernizing phenomena often foretell a greater rationality, secularity, and consolidation of private rights, such was not the case in Argentina because of the extreme influence of the Catholic Church. The article concludes with a discussion of how liberalism was inflected by its encounters with the Catholic Church, whose influence managed to delay passage of a divorce law until 1987, forestall free access to contraceptive methods, and block the legalization of abortion.

Problematic Modernity: Gender, Sexuality, and Reproduction in Twentieth-Century Argentina

This article explores the complex relationship between Marxism and Romanticism in the work of early-twentieth century Peruvian Marxist Jose Carlos Mariategui. Following Michael Lowy, it argues that there is a utopian-revolutionary dialectic of the pre-capitalist past and socialist future running through Mariategui’s core works. The romantic thread of Mariategui’s thought was in many ways a response to the prevalent evolutionist and economistic Marxist orthodoxies of his time. An argument is made that the fruitful heresy embedded in the Mariateguist framework might suggest the outlines for a theoretical research agenda to counter a novel orthodoxy emerging out of the state ideologies of the Andean New Left in an era of intensifying extractive capitalism. Deploying a certain Marxist idiom, figures such as Bolivian Vice President Alvaro Garcia Linera defend as progressive the extension of large-scale mining, natural gas and oil extraction, and agro-industrial mono-cropping in alliance with multinational capital. Left and indigenous critics of this latest iteration of extractive capitalism in Latin America are condemned in this worldview as naive romantics, or worse, the useful idiots of imperialism. A creative return to Mariategui allows us to read the opposition of Left and indigenous critique and activism in a different light. What is more, we can see in the biographies of activists such as Felipe Quispe in Bolivia a concrete realization of the Romantic Marxist critique of evolutionism and economism being discussed theoretically in our exploration of Mariategui.

The indigenous community as “living organism”: José Carlos Mariátegui, Romantic Marxism, and extractive capitalism in the Andes

Despite the salient role that ways of seeing and categorizing difference have acquired for the ordinary integration framework of contemporary Britain, research on how sparse immigrant populations and un/marked migrants and ethnic minorities negotiate these issues remains underdeveloped. This thesis contributes to illuminating the intersections between socio-cultural and embodied in/visibility and migrants' and their young descendants' experiences of incorporation by focusing on the case of Latin Americans in the north of England. The research comprised interviews with stake holders and other informants and a multiple case study with ten Latin American and Latino-British families in the Yorkshire and Greater Manchester regions. The fieldwork with the families included all the household members over 8 years of age (totalling 30 participants) and combined a range of person-centred qualitative methods (text and visually based), involving multiple individual and group research encounters. The thesis argues that the socio-cultural invisibility of this population in the north of the country is eo-produced and sustained by a lack of official attention and soft Latin American/Latino panethnic identifications. Also significant here is the fraught relationship between these migrants and the system of ethno-cultural recognition which operates in their host society. Invisibility and visibility emerge as signifiers of sameness and difference through the everyday embodied experiences of the adult and young participants. These are negotiated with 'passing' and 'coming out' strategies aimed at acquiring mainstream membership, avoiding enforced racialization (othering) or re-defining notions of commonality based on principles of cultural diversity. Nonetheless, conditions of socio-cultural invisibility constrain the extent to which both adults and young people can reproduce forms of Latin Americanism locally, displacing tasks of intergenerational cultural transmission to the transnational sphere of the extended family. Thus, young participants display narratives of potential delayed belonging to their inherited homelands in order to legitimate their claims to their locally uncommon cultural background.

Migration, invisibility and belonging : a case study of Latin American families in the UK

The Frente de Liberación Homosexual (FLH, 1967–1976) was the first political movement of homosexual men in Argentina. Despite its short life span, this organization set the ground for future developments. The FLH emerged in the context of increasing authoritarianism rather than being the result of a transition to democracy. The relationship with homophobic Peronists and left-wing traditions was, paradoxically, crucial for the emergence of the FLH. Most homosexual activists came from the Left, and they understood homosexual liberation as one aspect of the struggle against capitalism. These activists were highly critical of anticapitalist politics as it existed in Argentina at the time, but they also actively sought to become allies of the expanding New Left during the period. Eventually, however, the 1976–1983 military dictatorship made all forms of dissidence impossible, and the FLH had to dissolve.

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Dictatorial Rule and Sexual Politics in Argentina: The Case of the Frente de Liberación Homosexual, 1967–1976

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Situaciones e ideologías en América Latina

Este articulo estudia la identificacion de los homosexuales varones como un grupo singular durante la primera decada peronista, bajo la figura de los "amorales". A diferencia de principios de siglo XX, donde estaban integrados en el caotico ambiente de la mala vida. Los varones de mediados de siglo que tenian relaciones sexuales con varones comenzaron a ser destacados como una desviacion peligrosa del ideal familiarista y heterosexista. Este proceso se explica a traves de la masculinizacion de la clase obrera operada por el peronismo y la aparicion contemporanea de los jovenes como un sector social problematico y peligroso. Se estudia este desarrollo de la intolerancia comenzando en los primeros anos '40 hasta llegar a las razzias antihomosexuales de 1954-1955 en las calles, bares y plazas de Buenos Aires. A diferencia de otras interpretaciones que subrayan el caracter ancilar de las batidas policiales, sostenemos que fueron mas que una excusa en el combate del peronismo contra el catolicismo, pues se inscribian en tensiones mas profundas del orden social, sexual y simbolico de la Argentina de posguerra.

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Amorales, patoteros, chongos y pitucos. La homosexualidad masculina durante el primer peronismo [Buenos Aires, 1943-1955]

/pdf/cartografia-y-perspectivas-del-marxismo-latinoamericano-1oc4s5h7uo.pdf

Cartografía y perspectivas del "marxismo latinoamericano"

Cuerpos, Géneros E Identidades Estudios de Historia de Género En Argentina

Fil: Caruso, Valeria Antonieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana "Dr. Emilio Ravignani". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana "Dr. Emilio Ravignani"; Argentina

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Omar Acha

Papers

Situaciones e ideologías en América Latina

Amorales, patoteros, chongos y pitucos. La homosexualidad masculina durante el primer peronismo [Buenos Aires, 1943-1955]

Cartografía y perspectivas del "marxismo latinoamericano"

Cuerpos, Géneros E Identidades Estudios de Historia de Género En Argentina

Izquierda peronista: una categoría útil para el análisis histórico