Jajar legowo 4:1 cropping pattern has been adopted by rice farmers; however, there has been limited information on the comparison between internal and edge rows. In addition, the effects of timing and frequency of fertilizer applications on rice cultivated at riparian wetland also have to be understood. In this research, both single and split applications of fertilizer were employed. The single fertilizer applications were applied at 15 days after transplanting (DAT) (T1), 30 DAT (T2), 45 DAT (T3); and the split applications were 15+30 DAT (T4), 15+45 DAT (T5), 30+45 DAT (T6), and 15+30+45 DAT (T7). Results of this research indicated that crops in the edge rows produced higher leaf area index but those at internal rows produced higher dry weight biomass. Split fertilizer application to three times (T7) increased the weight of grains and number of filled spikelet but did not affect other shoot and root growth traits. Overall, fertilizer application increased leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content. Jajar legowo 4:1 planting pattern and split fertilizer application to three times are recommended for increasing yield in rice cultivated at riparian wetlands.

https://agrivita.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/download/1715/926

Internal versus edge row comparison in Jajar legowo 4:1 rice planting pattern at different frequency of fertilizer applications.

Productivity and cropping intensity on non-tidal wetland in South Sumatra are considerably low and has been underutilized up to now. The majority of farmers in this ecosystem are smallholders with limited adoption capacity on introduced technologies and modern agricultural practices. The objectives of this research were (1) to comprehensively capture multidimensional constrains that restrained local farmers in increasing their agricultural productivity; and (2) to identify, assess, and develop substantially-relevant, financially-affordable, and socially-acceptable agricultural technologies and practices for smallholder farmers to increase productivity. This research was organized in three main activities: qualitative research employing Grounded Theory procedure, quantitative questionnaire-guided survey, and a series of laboratory and field experiments. The research results indicated that the main constraints in increasing productivity and cropping intensity on the non-tidal wetland in South Sumatra include (1) unpredictable flooding occurrence and low soil nutrients content (agronomic constraint), (2) low financial and technology adoption capacity of local farmers (economic constraint), and (3) public policy has not significantly escalated farmer’s motivation to increase food production (social and institutional constraint). This research suggests that multidimensional (technical, financial, ecological, and socio-cultural) approaches should be integrated in collective efforts for sustainably intensifying food production on the non-tidal wetland.

https://agrivita.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/download/1717/1034

Inclusive and Ecologically-Sound Food Crop Cultivation at Tropical Non-Tidal Wetlands in Indonesia

Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris L.) is a medicinal plant with considerable implementation such as aphrodisiac and anti-inflammation drugs. This research was conducted to study the effectivity of coconut water and IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) application on various concentration as the growth regulator for tribulus growth on the in vitro and its effect toward observation variables. The material used were cotyledon from tribulus embryo and MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design with first factor of coconut water concentration of 0 mL L-1, 50 mL L-1, 100 mL L-1, and 150 mL L-1 and IAA concentration of 0 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, and 0.25 ppm as the second factor. Observed variables were shoots emergence time, number of shoots, shoot height, number of leaves, roots emergence time, number of roots and regression between observation variables. The result showed that the combination of 150 mL L-1 coconut water and 0.25 ppm IAA gave the highest shoot height, roots emergence time, and number of roots. Coconut water treatment on 150 mL L-1 concentration alone gave the best result on shoots emergence time, number of shoots, and number of leaves, while IAA concentration of 0.25 ppm independently gave the highest number of leaves. Regression analysis result indicate that the number of roots has a positive correlation with shoots height, number of shoots and number of leaves.

Coconut Water and IAA Effect on the In Vitro Growth of Tribulus terrestris L.

In vitro dendrobium orchid plantlet growth is highly determined by the cytokinin and auxin concentration. The aim of this research was to study the effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Naphthaeeneacetic Acid (NAA) on growth of Dendrobium orchid plantlet. The research was arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatments. The first treatment was the concentration of BAP (A1 : 0 ppm, A2 : 1 ppm, A3 : 2 ppm) and the second treatment was the concentration of NAA (B0 : 0 ppm, B1 : 0,25 ppm, B2 : 0,50 ppm) with 4 replications. The observed variables were number of buds, plantlet height, number of leaves, and length of leaves. The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and followed by Least Significance Different (LSD). The result showed that treatment of BAP and NAA only significantly affected the number of buds variable. The combination of BAP 1 ppm and NAA 0,25 ppm was the best treatment for increasing number of buds of dendrobium orchid plantlet.

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In vitro dendrobium orchid (Dendrobium sp.) plantlet growth in different concentration of BAP and NAA

Banana is a tropical fruit that popular in people. The availability of Raja Bulu banana seedling insufficient to cover the needs. Problems in commercial banana cultivation is the least availability of clonal superior seeds. Multiplication in tissue culture technique can potentially overcome all limitations of Raja Bulu conventional seedling. So that, the objective of this research was to multiplicate an amount of Raja Bulu banana shoot using plant growth regulator in MS media to initially produce shoot organs. The multiplication was done by Completely Randomized Design with 2 factor of IAA (0; 0,5; 1 ppm) and BAP (0, 2, 4 ppm). The data were analyzed by ANOVA and the mean compared using Duncan’s pairwise comparisons at p = 0,05. The acclimatization was design by Completely Randomized Block Design with 3 different media of palm fiber, bagasse, and banana stem then analyzed by ANCOV. The results showed there was interaction of IAA and BAP on variables at the appearance of shoots and the leaf appearance in multiplication. The media without IAA and contained BAP 2 ppm showed the highest mean number of shoot but it was not cost effective with other treatment in this multiplication. Giving IAA 0,5 ppm with BAP 4 ppm accelerated when the shoots appear and when the leaves appear on multiplication Raja Bulu Banana. There was no significant interaction or influence of IAA and BAP on plant height, leaf number, and stem diameter as acclimatization variable with 3 media used. The percentage of acclimatization success is 76,5%.

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Kajian Konsentrasi IAA dan BAP pada Multiplikasi Pisang Raja Bulu In Vitro dan Aklimatisasinya

Orchid is one of the ornamental plant that has a high aesthetic value. Efforts to increase the quality of orchids can be done by genetic improvement through crossing. The first step to success in orchid crossing requires information on morphological characters of the prospective parents. This study aims to determine the similarity of six species of natural Coelogyne spp based on qualitative morphological characters. Morphological characterization of 6 orchids was carried out based on 30 characters including stem, leaf, flower, pseudobulb, and rooting type. Cluster analysis was carried out with the NTSYSpc program version 2.02i with the UPGMA SimQual function method. The results showed that there were morphological diversities among the six Coelogyne spp on the character of the stem, pseudobulb, leaves, flowers and type of roots. Based on the dendrogram on 73% similarity, three major groups were obtained. The first group consisted of Coelogyne pandurata and Coelogyne rumphii, the second group was C. massangeana, C. mayeriana and C asperata, the third group was C. celebensis. Based on the morphological similarity of 87% there are two pairs of parents that have most successful chance to be crossed, C. pandurata with C. rumphii and C. mayeriana with C. asperata.

/pdf/morphological-characterization-of-coelogyne-spp-for-2nrrt9d2ot.pdf

Morphological characterization of Coelogyne spp for germplasm conservation of orchids

Hartati, S., R. B. Arniputri, L. A. Soliah and O. Cahyono, 2017. Effects of organic additives and naphthalene acetid acid (NAA) application on the in vitro growth of Black orchid hybrid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindley). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 23 (6): 951–957 Black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata), Bornean native beautiful orchid, which is currently threatened with extinction, was successfully crossed with Coelogyne rumphii. The hybrids will be multiplicated using in vitro propagation technique. To produce plants with good results both quantitatively and qualitatively it is necessary to add the growth regulator substances and organic additive compound into the culture medium. This study aim to get the best medium composition that is able to optimize the growth protocol for the hybrids of Coelogyne pandurata and Coelogyne rumphii. The experiment was arranged in a factorial design based on completely randomized design with two factors and fi ve replications. The fi rst factor was the concentration of Naphthalene Acetic Acid /NAA (0, 1, 3 and 5 ppm). The second factor was the organic additivess (without any organic additives, coconut water was 250 ml L-1, banana 150 g L-1, potato 200 g L-1 and sweet potato 150 g L-1). The results showed that the addition of 3 ppm NAA capable of accelerating time root emergence. The organic materials affect all of parameter signifi cantly. The combination of 3 ppm NAA with organic coconut water can accelerate the emergence of shoots of 9.8 days after planting (DAP), combination of 1 ppm NAA with coconut water can stimulate the multiplication of shoots as many as 6.29 shoots and combination of 3 ppm NAA with sweet potatoes can increase the number of roots as many as 23.5 roots

https://journal.agrojournal.org/page/download.php?articleID=930

Effects of organic additives and naphthalene acetid acid (naa) application on the in vitro growth of black orchid hybrid (coelogyne pandurata lindley)

 Hartati S, Samanhudi, Manurung IR, Cahyono O 2021 Morphological characteristics of Phaius spp orchids from Indonesia Biodiversitas 22: 1991-1995 Orchid is one of the ornamental plants with great economic value in various communities Characterization and grouping of several orchid species can be used in breeding efforts to obtain hybrid with the desired traits This study is aimed to characterize the morphological appearance of Phaius orchids and to cluster the species based on their similarity in morphological characteristics Five species of Phaius (P tankervilleae, P indigoferus, P montanus, P amboinensis, and P callosus) of the collection of the Bogor Botanical Garden were observed based on 30 morphological characters including the characters of stems, pseudobulbs, leaves and flowers The data obtained were converted into binary data and computed using the Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYS) Spc 202 program to produce dendrogram The results show that based on the morphological characterization of the five species of Phaius spp, they have similarities from 63% to 80% Among the five Phaius species, P amboinensis, P tankervilleae, and P montanus had 80% similarity and can be used as parents for crossing

/pdf/morphological-characteristics-of-phaius-spp-orchids-from-5eqktolvh3.pdf

Morphological characteristics of Phaius spp. orchids from Indonesia

Abstract. Hartati S, Samanhudi, Cahyono O. 2022. Short Communication: Morphological characterization of five species of Dendrobium native to Indonesia for parent selection. Biodiversitas 23: 2648-2654. As one of the most plentiful orchid genera, Dendrobium has a potential genetic resource for crossing programs. Morphological characterization is an important step in determining genetic relationships among orchid species in the same genus. The research aims to identify the morphological characteristics of five species of Indonesian Dendrobium in order to assess the potential cross elder candidates. The materials used in this study were D. mirbelianum Gaudich., D. lamellatum (Blume) Lindl., and D. anosmum obtained from Bogor Botanic Gardens; and D.bracteosum Rchb.f. and D. purpureum obtained from Klaten Speci Gardens. This study recorded 30 morphological characters of Dendrobium studied. There were 23 out of the 30 identified morphological characters (76.67%) that showed varying characters in flowers, leaves, pseudobulbs, and roots. Based on the cluster analysis, five species of Dendrobium are separated into two clusters and cluster division does not correlate with the section of Dendrobium. The species with the highest similarity coefficient has the potential to be used as parental in crosses. Dendrobium lamellatum and D. anosmum have the highest similarity coefficient of 0.80 and are the most potential as parental species for crossing, followed by D. bracteosum and D. purpureum with a similarity coefficient of 0.70.

Short Communication: Morphological characterization of five species of Dendrobium native to Indonesia for parent selection

Perbaikan genetik melalui persilangan interspesifik antara tetua terpilih anggrek Dendrobium spp diarahkan untuk meningkatkan mutu genetik dan nilai ekonomi anggrek alam dipasaran. Anggrek Dendrobium adalah salah satu genus anggrek yang banyak diminati. Upaya peningkatan mutu genetik anggrek memiliki kendala pada teknik penyilangan dan perbanyakan biji hasil hibridisasi/persilangan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk: (1) mendapatkan teknik penyilangan yang dapat menghasilkan biji dengan tingkat fertilitas tinggi dan (2) mendapatkan anggrek hibrida baru yang memiliki keunggulan-keunggulan karakter. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebon Raya LIPI Bogor. Persilangan dilakukan pada 4 sampai 6 individu yang berbunga. Persilangan dilakukan dengan cara menyilangkan tetua terpilih sebagai tetua jantan atau betina Pollinia ditransfer dari anther ke stigma dengan menggunakan tusuk gigi steril, dengan metode (i) crossing , (ii) Resiprocal. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter induk yang digunakan, waktu persilangan sampai dengan panen buah, dan lama berkecambah. Dari penelitian dihasilkan 4 seri silangan secara resiprok sampai perkecambahan yaitu ♀ Dendrobium mirbelianum x ♂ Dendrobium liniale, ♀ Dendrobium liniale x ♂ Dendrobium mirbelianum, ♀ Dendrobium liniale x Dendrobium bigibbum, ♀ Dendrobium bigibbum x ♂ Dendrobium liniale. Persentase keberhasilan semua persilangan dan resiproknya adalah 100% kecuali persilangan ♀ D.lineale x ♂ D . tobaense dan resiproknya tingkat keberhasilannya 0%. Waktu terbentuk buah 3-9 hari, masaknya biji bervariasi antara 81-123 hari dan lama terbentuk protokorm bervariasi 15-36 hari.

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Ongko Cahyono

Papers

Morphological characterization of Coelogyne spp for germplasm conservation of orchids

Effects of organic additives and naphthalene acetid acid (naa) application on the in vitro growth of black orchid hybrid (coelogyne pandurata lindley)

Morphological characteristics of Phaius spp. orchids from Indonesia

Short Communication: Morphological characterization of five species of Dendrobium native to Indonesia for parent selection

PENINGKATAN RAGAM GENETIK ANGGREK Dendrobium spp MELAUI HIBRIDISASI UNTUK MENDUKUNG PERKEMBANGAN ANGGREK DI INDONESIA