The coastal zone is a region where land, ocean and atmosphere interact and hence it is dynamic in nature. India has a long coastline which was not adequately monitored until the advent of the satellite remote sensing era in the 70s. India has a very robust remote sensing program that the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) series of satellites were effectively used to monitor coastal habitats, landforms, shoreline, water quality, etc., and changes were identified during the last 40 years. The classification system for coastal habitats and the classification and geometric accuracies of products were standardized. Detailed information for mangroves communities and characteristics of coral reefs were generated. The high and low tide lines were delineated seamlessly for the entire coastline using satellite data. All these data were organized in a GIS and the coastal database for the entire country was created. Impacts of various hazards on such as cyclones, tsunami and sea level changes on coastal h...

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2017.1333715

Coastal zone management in India − present status and future needs

This study describes the formation of two successive baymouth spits systems on the southeastern Brazilian coast and the degradation of the first system. The study area includes the Jureia Beach spit, the deflected Ribeira de Iguape River mouth, the central Iguape sandy headland, the Icapara Inlet of the Mar Pequeno Lagoon and the northern end of the Comprida Island barrier spit. The wave and river flow patterns were combined with the coastline evolution and the alongshore migration rates deduced from satellite images. Initially, both spits showed convergent alongshore migration rates equal to or less than 83 m/y. However, the extreme river flow due to high rainfall during a very strong El Nino event in 1983 eroded the inland side of the Jureia Beach spit, which finally retreated due to wave erosion. In 1989, a sand bank emerged in the river mouth, which attached to the central headland forming a recurved northeastward spit. In 1994, the high fluvial discharge associated with another very strong El Nino event caused the landward migration of the new spit and emersion of a second sand bank. This second sand bank merged with the Jureia Beach spit in 1997 at an alongshore migration rate of 1,795.6 m/y. Wave erosion of the central headland continued and the attached spit disappeared in 2000. In 2009, the headland erosion merged the river mouth and the Icapara Inlet, which resulted in flanking baymouth spits in a configuration that remains today. Therefore, two models for the formation of baymouth spits have been documented for wave-dominated microtidal coasts in humid tropical regions with intense fluvial discharge. The convergent longshore migration of the spits is controlled by both the bidirectional longshore drift and the fluvial discharge, the latter eroding the fronting spit, supplying sediments and acting as a hydraulic blockage for longshore drift.

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Two new conceptual models for the formation and degradation of baymouth spits by longshore drift and fluvial discharge (Iguape, SE Brazil)

The evolution of a diverging spit-one growing northward and another southward across the Baindur and Yadamavina River mouths along the Central west coast of India is examined using remote sensing data, seasonal variations in the foreshore profiles, textural characteristics of the foreshore sediments, and wave-current patterns. Remote sensing data indicated lengthening of the southern spit across the Yedamavina River by 168 m between the period 1973 and 1989, while the northern spit across the Baindur River showed relative stability. Finer sediments were observed towards the ends of the spit in both northern and southern spits. Waves approach from the west between March and May, generating wave divergence and convergence cause sediment movement on either side. The alongshore current is northward from October to November and southward from December to February. This reversal in the direction of alongshore drifts, and wave divergence prevailing in this tropical climate favor sediments movement on either side leading to diverging spits to develop. As a result of the diverging spits, both the rivers are shifting their mouths in the respective directions leading to erosion of the opposite bank. In order to prevent the erosion due to shifting of the river mouths, sediments flux to the central part of the mainland shoreline from which sediments move either side leading to spit growth needs to be checked.

/pdf/evolution-of-diverging-spits-across-the-tropical-river-2ix7lfu7cb.pdf

Evolution of Diverging Spits Across the Tropical River Mouths, Central West Coast of India

Reshma, K.N. and Murali, R.M., 2018. Current Status and Decadal Growth Analysis of Krishna - Godavari Regions using Remote Sensing. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 1416–1420. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Demarcation and continuous monitoring of shorelines are essential for understanding the dynamic nature and processes of the coastal areas. Shorelines of delta regions are ecologically and economically sensitive and dynamic. Changes in the environmental conditions and human interference affect the balance of delta's morphology. As delta areas are severely disturbed by natural as well as anthropogenic factors, it is essential to study the current status and their growth pattern. This study focuses on the decadal change analysis of Krishna-Godavari delta region on the east coast of India from 1973 to 2014 using satellite data....

Current Status and Decadal Growth Analysis of Krishna - Godavari Delta Regions using Remote Sensing

Coupling of experimental and theoretical studies to apprehend the action of benzodiazepine derivative as a corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in 1M HCl

Efficiency of a pyrimidine derivative for the corrosion inhibition of C1018 carbon steel in aqueous acidic medium: Experimental and theoretical approach

HEGDE, V.S.; NAYAK, S.R.; SHALINI, G.; KRISHNAPRASAD, P.A.; RAJAWAT, A.S.; GIRISH, K.H., and TEJASWINI, B., 2012. Spit dynamics along the central west coast of India: Implications for coastal zone management. Spit growth is observed across many rivers of the central west coast of India. Studies on the seasonal dynamics of the spits of the central west coast of India on the basis of the multidate satellite images LISS III, landsat™ data, panchromatic camera (PAN) data etc. in a geographic information system (GIS) environment using ERDAS imagine 9.0 version followed by field-check and wave data analysis have been discussed in this paper. All types of spits such as paired spits, winglike spits, single spits, etc. are observed along the coast of Karnataka, central west coast of India. Spit growth is responsible not only for shifting of the river mouths, but also for rapid changes in estuarine morphology and in turn on the sedimentation process. It is observed that river mouths with a spit across them...

Spit Dynamics along the Central West Coast of India: Implications for Coastal Zone Management

Beach morphologies, primarily include shape, surface changes/variation, and beach volume along with slope, are very dynamic and believed to be largely controlled by waves and currents (Komar, 1998). Contrary to this general notion, results presented in this paper suggest a strong control of the local morpho-tectonic frame-work on foreshore sedimentation. In the 20 km long study area between Bhatkal on the north and Uppunda in the south, foreshore morphology range from reflective and dissipative to intermediate types, but nearshore hydrodynamic regime is similar. The inland morpho-tectonic frame-work reveals graben and horst-like structures. The foreshores bordering these grabens and horsts are dissipative and reflective respectively, have distinctly different granulometric dynamics and sedimentation processes, whereas an intermediate type between the dissipative and the reflective show a large seasonal variability in terms of beach width and slope. The foreshore profile modification indicated that the reflective beaches remained reflective and the dissipative beaches remained dissipative throughout the year, despite the large variation in the wave energy condition from monsoon through post-monsoon to pre-monsoon. Spit growth is observed only in the dissipative beach. Granulometric dynamics in all the three types of beaches show distinct differences. The reflective beaches show significant fluvial characteristics of sediments in all the seasons, dissipative beaches show minor fluvial characteristics and the intermediate beaches show significant fluvial characteristics only during the monsoon seasons. Sediment transport process in the reflective beaches is dominantly by rolling process, in the dissipative beaches suspension is the dominant mechanism, and in the intermediate type beaches a large range from suspension to rolling is observed. Sediments in the beaches are negatively skewed through symmetrical to positively skewed in reflective beaches, while in dissipative beach negative skewness is dominant. Integration of the tectonic framework, beach morphology and granulometric dynamics suggest that temporal and spatial variations in textural characteristics are related to a strong morpho-tectonic control rather than seasonal variations in wave energy condition.

P. A. Krishnaprasad

Papers

Efficiency of a pyrimidine derivative for the corrosion inhibition of C1018 carbon steel in aqueous acidic medium: Experimental and theoretical approach

Evolution of Diverging Spits Across the Tropical River Mouths, Central West Coast of India

Spit Dynamics along the Central West Coast of India: Implications for Coastal Zone Management

Granulometric dynamics of the coastal sediments of the Central West coast of India: Insight into morpho-tectonic influences on the beach processes

Meso-scale foreshore evolution in low-energy, storm-dominated tropical west coast of India: Implications for shoreline management