Introduction Making Metal Foams Characterization Methods Properties of Metal Foams Design Analysis for Material Selection Design Formulae for Simple Structures A Constitutive Model for Metal Foams Design for Creep with Metal Foams Sandwich Structures Energy Management: Packaging and Blast Protection Sound Absorption and Vibration Suppression Thermal Management and Heat Transfer Electrical Properties of Metal Foams Cutting, Finishing and Joining Cost Estimation and Viability Case Studies Suppliers of Metal Foams Web Sites Index .

Metal Foams: A Design Guide

Bioinspired engineering of honeycomb structure – Using nature to inspire human innovation

The problem of impact damage in laminated composite structures, and the consequent reduction in residual strength, has been a topic of continual research for over two decades. The number of journal papers on the subject now runs into four figures and most have been conscientiously reviewed by Abrate(1991, 1994, 1998). This review is not intended to be in the academic tradition, with emphasis on acknowledging the authorship of all the various research initiatives. Instead we present our opinions so that the reader can appreciate our current understanding of the problem, our capability of predicting by analysis, and the scope of the design tools for avoiding structural damage, or at least designing damage tolerant aerospace structures.

Impact on composite structures

http://arrow.utias.utoronto.ca/~csteeves/papers/IJMSPtI-Apr-2004.pdf

Collapse mechanisms of sandwich beams with composite faces and a foam core, loaded in three-point bending. Part I: analytical models and minimum weight design

Additive manufacturing in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): Challenges and potential

Indentation of a sandwich beam is analysed as linear elastic bending of the top skin on a rigid-perfectly plastic foundation (the core). The theoretical predictions of fracture load from this simple theory are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results from indentation tests on strips of sandwich panel, with glass-fibre-reinforced plastic skins and foam core, supported on a rigid base.

Indentation of composite sandwich beams

Tests have been carried out to determine the strength of balsa wood and its variation with density. Particular attention is paid to the tensile strength of balsa loaded at different angles to the grain and a simple theory of failure is derived from the results. The compressive strength and modulus of elasticity are also reported. Similarities between the mechanical behaviour of balsa wood and unidirectional fibre-reinforced composites are discussed. Adequate data are presented for the design of balsa wood structures.

Variables affecting the strength of balsa wood

Fifty, 100 mm diameter ± 75 degree filament wound E glass fibre/epoxy resin tubes have been tested to destruction under various combinations of internal pressure and axial tension or compression. The test equipment and procedures are described. The method of reinforcing and gripping the ends of the specimens avoided end failures. The effects of possible stress concentration at the ends are considered. Experimental fracture stresses are presented and compared with theoretical results for a variety of biaxial loading conditions.

Fracture stresses for ± 75 degree filament wound grp tubes under biaxial loads

A bicycle frame has been analysed as a three-dimensional framework and stresses and deflections predicted using a finite element computer program. Theoretical results for simple loading case were compared with strain gauge measurements in laboratory tests.More complex loading cases representing common cycle racing situations were analysed. The largest stresses in the frame were bending stresses. Stresses in the region of 300—400 MN/m2 were predicted in the down tube and right chain stay during starting and stresses of about 250 MN/m2 at the front of the top tube and down tube during severe braking.

Loads, Stresses, and deflections in Bicycle Frames:

A method of gripping and reinforcing the ends of anisotropic tubes for testing under combined axial load and internal pressure is analysed.Edge solutions for long, cylindrical, specially orthotropic shells are considered.The tube, reinforcement, and grips are then modelled as an assembly of short, parallel, multilayered, thin-walled, orthotropic shells.Theoretical results are presented for the stress distribution in a ± 75 degree filament-wound E glass/epoxy resin tube with circumferentially wound glass fibre reinforced ends.

P D Soden

Papers

Indentation of composite sandwich beams

Variables affecting the strength of balsa wood

Fracture stresses for ± 75 degree filament wound grp tubes under biaxial loads

Loads, Stresses, and deflections in Bicycle Frames:

End reinforcement and grips for anisotropic tubes