Meanwhile, the authors' antidote to the American sicknessa quest for democratic community that draws on our diverse civic and religious traditionshas contributed to a vigorous scholarly and popular debate. Attention has been focused on forms of social organization, be it civil society, democratic communitarianism, or associative democracy, that can humanize the market and the administrative state. In their new Introduction the authors relate the argument of their book both to the current realities of American society and to the growing debate about the country's future. With this new edition one of the most influential books of recent times takes on a new immediacy.\

Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life

Recent research suggests a link between childhood maltreatment and later involvement in delinquency. This study examines this issue using official and self-report data from the Rochester Youth Development Study. The analysis addresses three central issues: the magnitude of the relationship between early child maltreatment and later delinquency, official and self-reported; the possibility of spuriousness in this relationship; and the impact of more extensive measurement of maltreatment on later delinquency. A significant relationship between child maltreatment and self-reported and official delinquency is found and this relationship, especially for more serious forms of delinquency, remains when controlling for other factors. The results also suggest that more extensive maltreatment is related to higher rates of delinquency. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.

The relationship between childhood maltreatment and adolescent involvement in delinquency

Child maltreatment and juvenile delinquency: Investigating the role of placement and placement instability

https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=socialworkpub

The prevalence of child sexual abuse: Integrative review adjustment for potential response and measurement biases

Maltreatment was predicted to negatively affect children's academic and behavioral adjustment through the creation of deficits in academic engagement, social competencies, ego resiliency, and ego control. Teachers' comprehensive evaluations, school records, and camp counselors' ratings were obtained for 229 socioeconomically disadvantaged children (ages 5-12 years), 146 of whom had been maltreated. Maltreated children showed less academic engagement, more social skills deficits, and lower ego resiliency than nonmaltreated comparison children. Maltreated children manifested multiple forms of academic risk and showed more externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. The effects of maltreatment on academic maladjustment were partially mediated by academic engagement, whereas maltreatment's effects on behavior problems were mediated fully by social competencies and ego resiliency.

Maltreatment, competency deficits, and risk for academic and behavioral maladjustment.

Little attention has been paid to how runaway or homeless adolescents are able to make successful transitions into adulthood This article reports on partial findings from an exploratory study of the research question, “How do formerly runaway and homeless adolescents navigate the troubled waters of leaving home, living in high-risk environments, and engaging in dangerous behaviors, to make successful developmental transitions into young adulthood?” This qualitative study involved interviews with 12 formerly runaway or homeless youth Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method This paper reports on findings related to the personal strengths and resources that enabled youth to make successful transitions: learning new attitudes and behaviors, personal attributes, and spirituality Recommendations for program development and intervention with homeless or at-risk youth are discussed

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How Runaway and Homeless Youth Navigate Troubled Waters: Personal Strengths and Resources

from as few as 250,000 to as many as This regional study compares homeless ^his art'c^e Presents a study of 2.5 million, with estimated increases m md nonhomekss youths who sought homeless youths m the southeastern homelessness ranging from 10 to 38 , ,. , , ,, . . , , United States who came to runaway percent annually. Families with chile ^u r^naway s e ^rs m ei& shelters for help and compares these dren are the fastest escalating homeless southeastern states. Both groups youths with nonhomeless youths who group and now constitute nearly 38 perreported a range of personal, family, came to the same shelters. The study in cent of the U.S. homeless population and school problems, but the problems vestigated the personal, family, and (Select Committee on Children, Youth, of the homeless group were more school problems of homeless youths, and Families, 1987). chronic than those of the nonhomeless The findings are examined in light of ex There are five major types of youths group. Although homeless youths isting service systems for youths, and who become homeless. First, youths received more services from shelters service recommendations for homeless who already are members of homeless than nonhomeless youths, the prognosis y°uths are offered, families often are separated from those jrQr former was grim^ Most lacked families. Many shelters for homeless stM supportive famUy to which Method families do not serve older youths, ,, ,, ? ,/ , , especially males, who are perceived as ey cou re urn. any a rea y were ^ sizable population of homeless disruptive and unruly (Select Commitmchms of a fragmented child welfare y0Uths seeks help at runaway shelters, tee on Children, Youth, and Families, system that offered bleak alternative Between 1985 and 1988, 21 percent 1987). Youths from homeless families living arrangements. The authors pre(n 9,179) of youths served by federally may be placed in the foster care or sent recommendations for services that funded shelters were homeless (General emergency shelter system and conseare integrated into a continuum of care Accounting Office, 1989). The data col quently experience disintegration of ties for homeless youths. lected for this study of homeless youths with their families. In 1985, the state who sought help at shelters in the south of New Jersey conducted a study that eastern United States were analyzed to found homelessness of families was the ascertain the characteristics of the major or secondary factor for placement under pressure the youths reluctantly do homeless youths who sought help; the of 40 percent of youths in foster care so. These youths often are forced out bereasons the youths were not living at (Tomaszewicz, 1985). cause of the family's economic problems home; where the youths came from and Second, youths leave home to escape and instability. who referred them; the family, school, physical and sexual abuse. The most A fourth group of homeless youths are and personal problems the youths re dramatic abuse statistics came from a doubly homeless. They are ejected or ported; the services youths received at study of street youths in Denver. Of the removed from homes at an early age bethe shelter; and what happened to the chronically homeless youths surveyed, cause of family abuse, neglect, orunwillyouths after they left the shelter. 85 percent had been victims of abuse ingness or inability to care for them. They The Southeastern Network of Youth while living at home (Oleson, 1986). are taken into state custody and placed and Family Services is a nonprofit mem Other studies have reported maltreatin unsuitable and inappropriate settings, bership organization of youth and fami ment histories among homeless youths When the placements become intolerly service centers in eight southeastern at less alarming rates (General Accountable, these youths leave for the streets, states. The network provides members ing Office, 1989; Greater Boston AdoThe fifth group of homeless youths are with training, technical assistance, lescent Emergency Network, 1985; members of minority groups who have information, and data collection and Kufeldt & Nimmo, 1987; Powers, Jakimmigrated unaccompanied to the United analysis. Member agencies include litsch, & Eckenrode, 1988). States and are attempting to make themlarge, multiservice agencies and agen A third group of homeless youths are selves inconspicuous. Because they have cies that operate single-focus programs, thrown or pushed out of their homes by no legal status and may face deportation The common link among these agencies parents or guardians. The caretakers if identified, they try to avoid governis that they provide services such as want the youths to leave home, and ment notice. They are prime targets for temporary shelter, counseling, and

Problems of Homeless Youths: Empirical Findings and Human Services Issues

This exploratory study presents findings on resiliency development in five former runaway and homeless youth. Subjected to chronic trauma, this unique population lacked the protective factors other studies have associated with resiliency development. Five young women were compared and contrasted in relation to the following questions: what factors promote resiliency in runaway and homeless youth and how are resilient youth differentiated from their peers who continue to exhibit high risk behaviours? A multiple case study design was used to explore themes that emerged from in-depth interviews with an original sample of 22 former runaway and homeless youth. These themes included determination, meaning and purpose in life, self-care and readiness to accept help.

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From Trauma to Resiliency: Lessons from Former Runaway and Homeless Youth

Most adolescents navigate the transition from adolescence to young adulthood with relative success. However, runaway and homeless youth experience formidable obstacles in their paths and engage in dangerous behaviors that threaten their well being and long-term prospects. This study is part of a larger exploratory research effort aimed at understanding how runaway and homeless adolescents navigate the troubled waters of their adolescence to make successful developmental transitions into young adulthood. The focus of this paper is to report findings related to the formal and informal helping resources that enable runaway and homeless youth to resolve difficulties, deal with hazards, and achieve some level of self-defined success in young adulthood. This study utilized a qualitative research design, and the primary data collection method was in-depth interviews with 12 formerly run-away and homeless young people. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. Evidence emerged regarding who provided help, the types of help provided, conditions that facilitated acceptance of help, and advice to helping professionals. The findings illustrate the experiences youth had with
helpers that they found valuable and experiences they perceived as detrimental.

P. David Kurtz

Papers

How Runaway and Homeless Youth Navigate Troubled Waters: Personal Strengths and Resources

Problems of Homeless Youths: Empirical Findings and Human Services Issues

From Trauma to Resiliency: Lessons from Former Runaway and Homeless Youth

How Runaway and Homeless Youth Navigate Troubled Waters: The Role of Formal and Informal Helpers

The consequences of physical abuse and neglect on the school age child: Mediating factors