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Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks.

Health is the level of useful and metabolic potency of a living organism. In humans, it is the power of people or communities to adapt and self-manage once facing physical, mental, psychological and social changes. Keeping track of the health standing of the patient reception may be a troublesome task. Specially maturity patients ought to be sporadically monitored and their adored ones got to learn concerning their health standing from time to time whereas at work. During this paper, our objective is to trace patient's health with the assistance of sensors and internet. Internet is employed to tell their beloved if there is a drag. The health observation system can keep track of patient's pulse rate, eco rate of heart, pressure level rate, temperature etc. If system detects any abrupt changes in patient heartbeat or temperature, the system mechanically alerts the user concerning the patients standing over IOT and additionally shows details of heartbeat and temperature of patient live over the internet.

Health monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT)

Waste management is that the tactic of treating solid wastes and offers reasonably solutions for usage things that don't belong to trash. It's regarding but trash bin be used as a valuable resource. Waste management disposes of the merchandise and substances that we simply have use throughout a secure and economical manner. Researchers are finding out waste management for over a century, and for over forty years waste utilization analysis. There are eight major ways of waste management strategies, every of them divided into various classes. Those are-reduction and employ, animal feeding, recycling, composting, fermentation, landfills, burning and land application. We will begin exploitation several techniques right reception, like reduction and employ, that works to cut back the number of disposable material used. Fortunately, IoT has the answer to assist the utilization method at each stage of the waste management.

Waste management using Internet of Things (IoT)

Gate leakage mechanisms in AlInN/GaN and AlGaN/GaN metal insulator semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) with SiNx as gate dielectric have been investigated. It is found that the conduction in the reverse gate bias is due to Poole-Frenkel emission for both MIS-HEMTs. The dominant conduction mechanism in low to medium forward bias is trap-assisted tunneling while it is Fowler–Nordheim tunneling at high forward bias. However, conduction near zero gate bias is dominated by defect-assisted tunneling for both sets of MIS-HEMTs. The gate leakage current is primarily dependent on the properties of the gate dielectric material and dielectric/ semiconductor interface rather than the barrier layer. A model is proposed for the gate leakage current in GaN-based MIS-HEMTs, and the method to extract the related model parameters is also presented in this paper. The proposed gate current model matches well with the experimental results for both AlInN/GaN and AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs over a wide range of gate bias and measurement temperature.

Gate Leakage Mechanisms in AlInN/GaN and AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs and Its Modeling

A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Researchers have been studying disasters for more than a century, and for more than forty years disaster research. When discussing disaster management, there are a few processes that form the links in the chain and work in tandem to complete the emergency management lifecycle. The process starts with identification of risks, disaster preparedness, emergency response, resources allocation, reaction planning, and lastly disaster recovery. Fortunately, iothas the solution to help the disaster management agencies at every stage of the process.

Disaster management using Internet of Things

The lack of static infrastructure, open nature and node mobility causes several issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), such as energy utilization, node authentication and secure routing. In this paper we propose a new scheme, Two-level Secure Re-routing (TSR), an attack resilient architecture for Mobile Ad hoc networks. It is significantly different from existing solutions, as it does not focus on any specific attack, but instead, taking a general approach it achieves resilience against a wide range of routing disruption DoS attacks. TSR is a double-layer scheme that detects attacks at the transport layer but responds to them at the network layer. The concept of local supervision using watch-nodes has been incorporated to make it a secure architecture. Also, because routing disruption attacks have a pronounced effect on the size of the TCP congestion window, monitoring the window size is effective in detecting such events. Using both these methods, TSR is able to detect attacks. Once an attack is detected by the local supervision, it is verified by congestion window abnormalities and only then TSR initiates a re-routing process to find a new route. Our simulation results will show how attacks can be detected and data packets are re-routed after attacks have been detected.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6294628/6295732/06295767.pdf

Two-Level Secure Re-routing (TSR) in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), secure routing
is a challenging issue due to its open nature, infrastructure less
property and mobility of nodes. Many mobile ad-hoc network
routing schemes have been proposed, but none of them have been
designed with security as a goal. We propose security goals for
routing in mobile ad-hoc networks, an approach significantly
different from the existing ones where data packets are routed,
based on a specific criterion of the nodes called “fidelity” The approach will reduce the computational overhead to a lot extent. Our simulation results show how we have reduced the amount of network activity for each node required to route a data packet and how this scheme prevents various attacks which may jeopardize any MANET.

https://thesai.org/Downloads/SpecialIssueNo2/Paper 5-Fidelity Based On Demand Secure(FBOD) Routing in Mobile Adhoc Network.pdf

Fidelity Based On Demand Secure(FBOD) Routing in Mobile Adhoc Network

Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET) and Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) communication are emerging techniques in modern communication system. MIMO and MANET have various applications in the wireless communication system. This paper presents a survey on recent advancement of MIMO implemented mobile ad hoc network. A review of more than 40 papers on MIMO communication based mobile ad hoc network and most of the related topics is presented in this work. This paper shows the significant contribution in the field of MIMO communication and mobile ad hoc network. Previous works in this domain can be categorized into four major areas: (a) Mathematical modeling of MIMO channel and Ad hoc networks, (b) Physical Scattering Model of MIMO channel considering fading (c) Spatial multiplexing (OFDM) technique with MIMO channel, (d) Analysis of transmission efficiency of packet radio network. The review paper establishes the advancement in these four areas as well as recent changes in advance communication and networking environments.

Recent Research on Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) based Mobile ad hoc Network: A Review

In MANET secure routing is an important issue because of its self organizing and cooperative nature, capable of autonomous operation, rapid changing topologies, limited physical security and limited energy resource. So our proposal is a new scheme which significantly differs from other available schemes dealing with security attacks against mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, our proposed scheme, Efficient Secure Routing Protocol in MANET (ESRP) provides a new routing scheme based on trust, which is an integer value that helps to select administrator inside the network for routing. The comparison between our proposed protocol and parameters of ad hoc network shows the performance according to secure protocol. We have also implemented the message confidentiality and integrity in our proposed scheme. Our simulation result shows the robustness, reliability and trustworthiness of our scheme.

An Efficient Approach to Secure Routing in MANET

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is a very promising technique in modern wireless communication systems, which can meet the demand of high data rate with limited bandwidth. Integration of MIMO technology with mobile ad hoc network can improve the performance of transmission process in hazardous environment. In order to design a real MIMO wireless system and predict its performance under certain circumstances, it is necessary to have accurate MIMO wireless channel models for different scenarios. Mobile ad hoc network with multiple antennas suffers scattering effects. A combination of two ring model and random scattering model is described in this paper to evaluate channel impulse response of the network. Channel impulse response or channel matrix is used to estimate the propagation loss of the MIMO-based mobile ad hoc network in different terrain. Finally, a minimum loss secure path selection is described here using path loss-based administrator selection secure routing protocol (PASR) protocol to select loss less secure route for transmission.

P. K. Banerjee

Papers

Two-Level Secure Re-routing (TSR) in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Fidelity Based On Demand Secure(FBOD) Routing in Mobile Adhoc Network

Recent Research on Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) based Mobile ad hoc Network: A Review

An Efficient Approach to Secure Routing in MANET

Secure minimum loss route selection of MIMO-based MANET in combined (indoor, outdoor, and forest) terrain