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Local economic development: Theory‚ evidence‚ and implications for policy in Brazil

The Evangelistic Bureaucrat: A Study of a Planning Exercise in Newcastle upon Tyne

WALKER R. and CALZONETTI F. (1989) Searching for new manufacturing plant locations: a study of location decisions in Central Appalachia, Reg. Studies 23, 15–30. This paper analyses the search behaviour of manufacturers in Central Appalachia and develops a model of hierarchical decision-making under imperfect information. Using data collected from interview surveys of plant managers, regional and local search processes are evaluated. It is shown that the set of factors influencing the decision to undergo a regional search is different from the set of factors influencing the local search. Further, branch plant search behaviour may be described by cost minimization objectives whereas the behaviour of single-plant establishments is more idiosyncratic. The analysis shows that the comparative advantage of Central Appalachia consists, in part, of low cost electricity. WALKER R. et CALZONETTI F. (1989) A la recherche de nouveaux emplacements: une etude en Appalachia central des decisions portant sur la localisati...

Searching for New Manufacturing Plant Locations: A Study of Location Decisions in Central Appalachia

The purpose of this study is to examine the broad issue of industrial restructuring in the South, focusing on the role of industrial experience as a locational influence on selected high-technology...

Industrial Transition and the Location of High-Technology Branch Plants in the Nonmetropolitan Southeast

Patterns of urban living

Industrial location surveys typically generate large data sets with information on the characteristics of the companies and plants involved as well as on the relative importance of different locational push and pull factors. Since for the majority of companies locational choice results from the consideration of a range of factors, discriminant analysis can be used to reveal the important groupings of factors which distinguish the choices made by alternative subgroups of firms in a sample or population. This paper uses the results of the 581-firm 1980 Sao Paulo industrial location survey to examine some of the issues and specification choices which arise in using the discriminant model for this purpose. The results presented highlight the plant characteristics and the locational pull factors which distinguish industrial moves from the Sao Paulo metropolitan area out to surrounding cities from moves within the area.

A Discriminant Analysis of the 1980 São Paulo Industrial Location Survey

The term 'new town' must surely be one of the most loosely used labels in the terminology of planning. What exactly does it mean, what is implied in terms of content and function, and what are the typical circumstances which have led to the widespread adoption of 'new towns' as planning measures? Professor Merlin's book sets out to answer these important questions in the context of nine very varied countries (UK, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, France, USA, Poland, and Hungary) and for this reason alone the book seems assured of a wide and interested audience. Beyond this general readership, however, more specialized interest is likely to focus around two particular themes—urban design and its details, and the tools, mechanisms, and agencies of the planning process itself as it operates at what Hall (1970) has called regional/national and regional/local levels. For both these interests the book provides welcome detail, which is arranged under broadly consistent themes (design policy, building mechanism, housing, administration, finances, employment, population, social life, and so on) in the case of town construction and content and which is presented as a brief summary of the official planning structure and regional planning 'history' so far as the planning process is concerned. Neither of these subjects is particularly easy to present. The first can too easily become a catalogue whilst the complexities of the latter are difficult enough to deal with in one's own language, let alone somebody else's, and it must be admitted that the book does not always escape the first of these pitfalls and is often rather overwhelmed by the second. On the designdetail side, comprehension is not helped by half-a-dozen town plans devoid of any key, or more fundamentally, the almost total absence of local maps naming the features described and illustrating their relationship to each other. If the reader's knowledge of suburban Stockholm or Upper Silesia is somewhat vague, or nonexistent, he will get little help from this book, and the many new place names will remain only dimly associated with real places and situations. The more widespread difficulties encountered with the description of the planning process seem to arise partly from an attempt to deal too briefly with very complex situations, and partly in the translation from the original French text, for there are many passages which make difficult reading and some whose true meaning is quite obscure. In this manner, intriguing and important ideas such as the existence around Paris at one stage of a 'carcan' (though not translated, this means 'iron collar', was it a sort of urban fence?) are touched upon but not elaborated, and in the section on Britain, where the reviewer can judge more freely, one is often left with a feeling of a somewhat misplaced emphasis in the description of the new town and expanded town situation. Even so this is a very difficult problem to tackle and the reader's sympathies are likely to be with Merlin in his pioneering attempt to present a rare comprehensive picture. After reading the book one scarcely knows whether to be appalled or reassured that in none of the countries described does this type of planning appear to be free from the confusion of plan, new plan, strategy, revised strategy, false starts, and fresh starts which are not unknown here—and Britain's record as described in the book emerges as well as any. Difficulties or not, there is much salutory reading here for 'regional planners'.

Reviews: New Towns, Land Use, Instructional Planning Systems—A Gaming Simulation Approach to Urban Problems, a Theoretical Approach to Rural Land-Use Patterns, Perspectives on Resource Management, Industrial Location: An Economic Geographical Analysis, a Systems View of Planning

P. M. Townroe

Papers

A Discriminant Analysis of the 1980 São Paulo Industrial Location Survey

Reviews: New Towns, Land Use, Instructional Planning Systems—A Gaming Simulation Approach to Urban Problems, a Theoretical Approach to Rural Land-Use Patterns, Perspectives on Resource Management, Industrial Location: An Economic Geographical Analysis, a Systems View of Planning