Thermal Treatment of Hydrocarbon-Impacted Soils: A Review of Technology Innovation for Sustainable Remediation

Channel migration and its impact on land use/land cover using RS and GIS: A study on Khowai River of Tripura, North-East India

Remote sensing–based flood inundation mapping and monitoring is very crucial input before, during, and after floods. Ganga–Ramganga doab is one of the prolonged flood-affected area in middle Ganga plain due to seasonal monsoon which leads to rise in water levels of Ganga and Ramganga rivers. The focus of the present study is to map severe flood condition captured through synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data during August–September 2018, and to explain the impact on Ramganga river morphology. SAR data is preferred for flood mapping and real-time monitoring in all weather conditions. In this study, dual-polarized (VV and VH) Sentinel-1 SAR images coupled with hydrological data (river water level) were used to produce flood inundation maps. Thresholding technique has been applied to determine the flood mapping through Sentinel-1 data. VH and VV polarisation methods have been applied for a comparison of their respective accuracies in delineating surface water. Results have been validated against a Sentinel-2 optical image, and both polarisations produced a total accuracy of more than 93%. VV polarisation has high accuracies than VH polarisation as similar results are observed in previous studies as well. The finding reveals that severe bank erosion took place in the Ramganga channel which significantly affected the channel morphology, mainly the massive mobilisation of channel sediments. The results show that the average channel width increased from 46 to 336 m. The proposed approach demonstrates that the microwave remote sensing data along with GIS can be used efficiently for flood inundation mapping, monitoring, and analysing its effect on channel morphology. Therefore, the results of this study will help to take the initiative to reduce the flood hazard impact in the doab area and increase the flexibility in the process of flood management.

Flood inundation mapping and monitoring using SAR data and its impact on Ramganga River in Ganga basin

In-situ burning is recognized as a viable alternative for cleaning up oil spills on land and water. When performed under the right conditions, in-situ burning can rapidly reduce the volume of spilled oil and eliminate the need to collect, store, transport, and dispose of recovered oil. In-situ burning can shorten the response time to an oil spill, thus reducing the chances that the oil will spread on the water surface and thereby aiding in environmental protection. Such rapid removal of oil can also prevent the oil from reaching shorelines, which are difficult to clean. What remains after an in-situ burn are burn by-products such as carbon dioxide, water, some smoke particulate, and unburned oil (residue). Sufficient information is now available to predict levels of these emissions and calculate safe distances downwind of the fire. This chapter contains a compilation of information about in-situ burning of oil spills and includes the scientific aspects of the burning process and its effects, examples from the extensive research into in-situ burns, and practical information about the procedures to be followed and equipment required for carrying out an in-situ burn.

An Overview of In-Situ Burning

Short term laboratory studies on the influence of crude oil spillage on lateritic soil shear strength were performed for a period of six months. Two samples of lateritic soil were investigated, samples A and B (uncontaminated and contaminated). Soil sample B contains 10% by weight (10kg) of crude oil. Sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, compaction test and shear strength tests were performed for a period of 168 days. The results of the

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Laboratory Studies on the Influence of Crude Oil Spillage on Lateritic SoilShear Strength: A Case Study of Niger Delta Area of Nigeria

Degradation of river banks and their eventual collapse and erosion is prevalent at peak flood periods in the Niger delta area of Nigeria. Current ve locities close to 2.00 m/s at the upper reaches of its major rivers exert intensive hydrodynamic influences on the banks and levees of communities, which lead to erosion and extensive flooding episodes.

Bank collapse and erosion at the upper reaches of the Ekole creek in the Niger delta area of Nigeria

The Niger Delta is a major area of crude oil exploration, exploitation and processing. This brief paper reports laboratory tests on polluted and unpolluted soils following an oil blow-out and fire outbreak and concludes that the effects were minimal.

The effect of crude oil pollution and subsequent fire on the engineering properties of soils in the Niger Delta

An appraisal of erosion and flooding activities has been conducted at a "high risk" fresh-water location at Abari in the lower Niger floodplain of Nigeria Factors relating to the mechanisms of bank failures and attendant flooding are examined and suggestions made for remediation

P. O. Youdeowei

Papers

Bank collapse and erosion at the upper reaches of the Ekole creek in the Niger delta area of Nigeria

The effect of crude oil pollution and subsequent fire on the engineering properties of soils in the Niger Delta

Site appraisal and remediation of erosion and flooding in the lower Niger floodplain, Nigeria