http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/138057/local_138057.pdf

Quantitative atom probe analysis of carbides.

Microstructural evolution in a PH13-8 stainless steel after ageing

Nanoscale co-precipitation and mechanical properties of a high-strength low-carbon steel

Gradient solidification and differential thermal analysis (DTA) experiments were used to study the process of solidification and the solidification microstructure of 11 alloys comprising the composition range of customary commercial high-speed steels (with the exception of cobalt-alloyed grades). Also included are a number of experimental high-speed steels alloyed with niobium. The results include the effects of alloy composition and cooling rate on the width of the solidification interval and on the sequence of the solidification reactions; the types of eutectics formed (austenite with M6C, M2C, or MC) and their volume fractions; the chemical compositions of the ledeburitic and primary carbides; and the relation between the chemistry of the carbides and that of the melt. Special attention is given to the formation and composition of heterogeneously nucleated primary MC particles and to the chemistry and stability of eutectic M2C, which is important as a precursor to MC and M6C in the microstructure of finished (hot-worked and heat-treated) material.

Solidification of high-speed tool steels

Tensile specimens of type 316L stainless steel with a grain size of 5.0 μm have been deformed at a constant strain rate of 10−3 s−1 over the temperature range 21–900°C and by differential strain-rate test technique over strain rates from about 10−5 to 10−3 s−1 at temperatures in the range 750–900°C. The normalized yield and flow stresses against temperature plots exhibit three regions. While in regions I and III the stresses decrease with increasing temperature, they increase with increasing temperature in region II. Transmission electron microscopy studies on deformed specimens show that at small strains the dislocations generated at grain boundaries have characteristic distributions: in region I the dislocations are confined to the vicinity of the grain boundary, in region II the dislocations are spread into the grain interior, and in region III the dislocations rearrange to form walls. The evolution of substructure and the work-hardening behaviour are explained by considering both intragranula...

P.R. Howell

Papers

High resolution microanalytical study of precipitation in a powder metallurgical high speed steel

Interfacial microstructure and low stress, high temperature creep of an austenitic stainless steel