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Microstrip And Printed Antenna Design

Deep back propagation–long short-term memory network based upper-limb sEMG signal classification for automated rehabilitation

An inherent disadvantage of a Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) is its narrow bandwidth and low gain. There are various techniques in the market that either enhances gain or bandwidth of the MPA. The proposed system uses a novel technique which proves to enhance both the bandwidth, as well as the gain up to a great extent, simultaneously. We have tried to overcome these limitations by inserting slots in the proposed Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA), also known as the slotted array technique. The proposed antenna has been designed for an operating frequency of 9 GHz which lies in the X-band of an electromagnetic system. It has been simulated over an RT Roger/duroid 5880 material that has a dielectric constant of 2.2, using HFSS software. It was observed that the RMPA has a bandwidth of 425.2 MHz, whereas, a bandwidth of 920 MHz has been achieved for slotted RMPA, that means 494.8 MHz of bandwidth enhancement. In addition to this, a gain of 6.92 dB has been achieved for RMPA, whereas, by introducing slots, the gain becomes 19.88 dB, i.e., an enhanced value of 12.96 dB has been achieved. This antenna can be used in various wireless applications such as: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and wireless LAN, and satellite and radar communication.

Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA) Using Slotted Array Technique

Research in the field of underwater communications continues to generate a lot of interest worldwide, due to a wide range of applications that this technology covers, which include: offshore oil and gas field monitoring, coastline protection and surveillance, oceanographic data collection which will require data exchange between two or more Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and underwater environmental observation for exploration. In this regard, underwater radio waves technology is proposed as a means to deliver high-speed communications at a short range between two underwater bodies. This will be of great importance to scuba divers, underwater photographers or videographers, scientific divers and other underwater explorers. Though this technology suffers greatly from attenuation in the underwater environment. Consequently this work has been considered mainly in lower frequencies in the high-frequency band where the attenuation effect is minimal. Therefore, based on mathematical calculations and considerations for the conductivity and permittivity of the medium, underwater antennas were developed in this work for usage in aqueous environments. The developed antennas can be grouped into two with respect to bandwidth and their radiation characteristics. These includes narrow, dual and wideband antennas as well as those with omnidirectional, bi-directional and directional radiation characteristics. Finally, realized gains of underwater antennas for underwater communication systems are as well presented. This research work can be summarily divided into four categories, which are: investigation of relevant theoretical analyses of radio waves propagation in lossy medium, extensive computer simulation using FEKO electromagnetic simulation software, fabrication of antennas and experimental validation of the work done, which include measurement of radiation characteristics of the antennas in the medium. Hence, fabrication of the designs with good results was performed in the INESC TEC facilities. Also the manufactured antennas were measured with the aid of Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and these were carried out in a freshwater tank located at INESC TEC, with the antennas at a depth of 2.5 m from the surface and placed on the centre of the tank (which has dimensions of 10 m × 6 m × 5.5 m and the conductivity of water was 0.0487 S/m at 25◦C).

Antenna Design for Underwater Applications

In this paper, Coaxial feed dual band circular Microstrip patch antenna (CMPA) for ISM (2.4–2.5GHz) and WLAN (5.150–5.350GHz) application is proposed. Dual frequency bands are obtained by inserting a circular slot in the circular radiator as well as bandwidth enhancement is obtained by modifying the ground plane. FR-4 substrate having dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm is used to simulate CMPA and an overall size of CMPA is 40 × 40 × 1.6m3. The designed antenna simulated using CAD FEKO simulation software. The proposed antenna achieves S 11 < −10dB. Maximum bandwidth observed is about 78MHz for ISM band and 190MHz for WLAN band.

Design of dual band circular Microstrip patch antenna for ISM and WLAN

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/604501.pdf

Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Design to Improve Better Gains

An enhanced but simple triple band circular ring patch antenna with a new slotting technique is presented, which is most suitable for X-band, Ku-band and K-band applications This compact micro strip antenna is obtained by inserting small rectangular strip in a circular ring patch antenna The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 44 and thickness of 2mm The design is analysed by Finite Element Method based HFSS Simulator Software (version 140), The simulated return losses obtained are −3580dB, −4239dB, and −4498dB at 896 GHz, 1444 GHz, 1897 GHz respectively Therefore, this antenna can be applicable for X-band, Ku-band and K-band applications respectively

Triple frequency circular patch antenna

This paper presents a new element antenna array of rectangular topology microstrip patches is introduced to operate at Ku Band. The antenna has been designed as an arrays of patches, where number of elements, spacing's and feeding currents has been optimized to fulfil the requirements of low side lobe level and good cross polarization. The operating frequency range of antenna array is from 12 to 18 GHz. The antenna has been designed and simulated on FR4 Substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4. This paper also presents that, the detail steps of designing and simulating the rectangular patch antenna and rectangular patch antenna Array, in Ku-band. The design is analysed by Finite Element Method (FEM) based HFSS Simulator Software 14.0 by which return loss, Impedance, 3D polar plot, Directivity and Gain of the antenna are computed. The simulated results are shows that the proposed antenna provides good performance in terms of return loss and radiation pattern for dual frequency applications.

Rectangular patch antenna array design at 13GHz frequency using HFSS

Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) is a signaling standard in telecom applications that produces two tones simultaneously for each key press. The DTMF tones are chosen such that decoding the pressed key from the received tones is very easier. The DTMF tone detection is very crucial block in several telecom based embedded systems. As the current generation embedded systems are looking for key feature of low power, the DTMF detection algorithm also must be implemented with low power schemes. The DTMF detection is done with FFT based technique but which is power consuming type and it requires more hardware. In this project the FPGA based DTMF detection with very low power and low area using Split Goertzel algorithm is implemented in VHDL. The split Goertzel algorithm itself is an area optimized solution in comparison with the FFT, but in this project we initiate efforts to further makes it low power by building lot of serialism in the design. Since DTMF based applications don't require high speed tone detection the resource sharing approach can be used. In this approach very minimal set of hardware is scheduled as inputs and outputs at appropriate clock edges, for implementing the algorithm. In the first phase of the project we implemented FFT based DTMF detection using Xilinx FFT core. The area, timing and power results is analyzed. In the second phase the split Goertzel algorithm is implemented and analysis is carried out. In the next phase the resource sharing approach is studied and suitable state machine based scheduling will be carried with limited resources to implement split Goertzel algorithm. It will be demonstrated that the novel resource sharing based approach consumes less power and can still efficiently detect the DTMF tones. To test the project at various stage DTMF tone generator module also will be implemented with digital carrier generators. Mentor Graphics Modelsim Xilinx Edition (MXE) and Xilinx ISE is used for simulation and synthesis respectively. The Xilinx Chipscope tool is used to test the FPGA inside results while the logic running on FPGA. The Xilinx Spartan 3e FPGA Family board is used in this project.

FPGA based efficient DTMF detection using Split Goertzel algorithm with optimized resource sharing approach

2 Abstract: This paper presents a detailed explanation on performance of feed on a Microstrip circular patch antenna for dual frequency applications. The antenna operates at Ka-Band at 34.88GHz and 37.55GHz with an operational band width of 6.51GHz (32.79GHz to 39.30GHz). The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 0.21 mm. The design is analysed by Finite Element Method based HFSS Simulator Software (version 14.0), the simulated results shown that the proposed antenna provides good performance in term of return loss and radiation pattern for dual frequency applications.

/pdf/performance-of-feed-on-dual-frequency-antenna-in-ka-band-4km4r1b3wa.pdf

P. Siddaiah

Papers

Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Design to Improve Better Gains

Triple frequency circular patch antenna

Rectangular patch antenna array design at 13GHz frequency using HFSS

FPGA based efficient DTMF detection using Split Goertzel algorithm with optimized resource sharing approach

Performance of Feed on Dual Frequency Antenna in Ka-Band