The aqueous extracts (15 micrograms ml-1 medium) of 22 plants used in folkloric medicine in Palestine were investigated for their antifungal activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against nine isolates of Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton violaceum. The extract of the different plant species reduced colony growth of the three dermatophytes by 36 to 100% compared with the control treatment. Antimycotic activity of the extract against the three dermatophytes varied significantly (P < 0.05) between test plants. Extracts of Capparis spinosa and Juglans regia completely prevented growth of M. canis and T. violaceum. The most active extracts (90-100% inhibition) were those of Anagallis arvensis, C. spinosa, J. regia, Pistacia lentiscus and Ruta chalapensis against M. canis; Inula viscosa, J. regia and P. lentiscus against T. mentagrophytes; and Asphodelus luteus, A. arvensis, C. spinosa, Clematis cirrhosa, I. viscosa, J. regia, P. lentiscus, Plumbago europea, Ruscus aculeatus, Retema raetam and Salvia fruticosa against T. violaceum. The MICs of these most active plants ranged from 0.6 to 40 micrograms ml-1. The three dermatophytes differed significantly with regard to their susceptibility to plant extracts. Trichophyton violaceum was the most susceptible being completely inhibited by 50% of the extracts followed by M. canis and T. mentagrophytes which were completely inhibited by only 23 and 14% of the extracts, respectively.

Antifungal activity of plant extracts against dermatophytes.

Antimicrobial activity of Micromeria nervosa from the Palestinian area.

It is the purpose of this chapter to discuss the five remaining flavonoid structural types, here collectively known as the minor flavonoids, chalcones, aurones, dihydrochalcones, flavanones and dihydroflavonols. In order to orientate the reader it should be mentioned that chalcones, aurones and dihydrochalcones were discussed in Chapter 9 of The Flavonoids (1975) while flavanones and dihydroflavonols were treated in Chapter 11. In The Flavonoids-Advances in Research (1982) the five structural types were brought together in Chapter 6 under the present name. As far as is practicable I have presented the material here in the same order and format as used in the earlier two volumes. This makes it possible for the reader to compare current material easily and directly with material in the corresponding sections in the other two books. For the most part each structural type is presented in terms of increasing structural complexity: the primary classification is based upon B-ring oxygenation with the presentation of compounds in order of degree of A-ring oxygenation, O-alkylation and C-alkylation.

The minor flavonoids

Acacetin glycosides as taxonomic markers in Calamintha and Micromeria

Comparative chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Nyman and Calamintha grandiflora (L.) Moench (Labiatae)

P. Venturella

Papers

Naringenin and neopocirin from Micromeria species and Calamintha nepeta.