The differentiation and function of human T lymphocytes

Characterization of human bone marrow fibroblast colony-forming cells (CFU-F) and their progeny

Characterization of the continuous, differentiating myeloid cell line (HL-60) from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia

Expression of human B cell-associated antigens on leukemias and lymphomas: a model of human B cell differentiation

A sensitivie and simple procedure for the detection and quantitation of soluble complement (C)- fixing immune complexes in sera of patients with various disease states has been developed by utilizing C receptors on Raji cells. These cells lack membrane-bound immunoglobulin but have receptors for IgG Fc, C3b, C3d, and possibly with other C proteins. Uptake experiments showed that both aggregated human gamma globulin (AHG) and 7S IgG bound to receptors for IgG Fc; however, AHG reacted with C bound to cells only via receptors for C and this binding was much more efficient than via IgG Fc receptors. AHG was used as an in vitro model of human immune complexes and its uptake by Raji cells was quantitated by 125I-radiolabeled antihuman IgG. The limit of sensitivity of this test was 6 mug AHG/ml serum. The ability of Raji cells to detect AHG in serum depended on the amount of radioactive antibody used and the size of aggregates. The presence of an excess of C somewhat inhibited binding of AHG containing C to Raji cells. The efficient binding of AHG by receptors for C on Raji cells was used for the detection and quantitation of immune complexes in human sera. Raji cells were incubated with sera to be tested and then reacted with excess radiolabeled antihuman IgG; the amount of radioactivity bound to the washed cells was determined and referred to a standard curve of radioactive antibody uptake by cells previously incubated with increasing amounts of AHG in serum. Thereby immune complexes were detected and quantitated in serum hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and malignancies.

/pdf/the-raji-cell-radioimmune-assay-for-detecting-immune-7f243uhdgp.pdf

The Raji cell radioimmune assay for detecting immune complexes in human sera.

A group of alloantibodies are found in pregnancy sera which react with antigens present on B lymphocytes and monocytes but are not detectable on the vast majority of unstimulated T cells. This specificity distinguishes them from HL-A antibodies which react with both cell types. They were readily recognized through indirect fluorescent antibody analysis by employing the combination of B-cell lymphoid lines and normal peripheral blood T cells. Different sera gave a variety of patterns of reactivity with a panel of 11 lymphoid lines. Similar differential patterns were also observed with normal B cells from different individuals particularly after concentrating the B cells. The antibodies were also cytotoxic to B cells and this procedure gave parallel results to the fluorescence method. The pattern of reactions obtained indicated a very heterogeneous system similar to that for HL-A. Special study of certain of the sera provided evidence that the lymphocyte-defined determinants of the mixed lymphocyte reaction system were involved. For convenience the term HL-B has been employed for these antigens.

/pdf/recognition-by-pregnancy-serums-of-non-hl-a-alloantigens-26pb1lvl16.pdf

Recognition by pregnancy serums of non-HL-A alloantigens selectively expressed on B lymphocytes.

Antilymphocyte antibodies in serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as detected by microcytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence, were predominantly cold reactive and of the IgM class. These IgM antibodies were most active at 4 degrees C. IgG antibodies were infrequent, and were only minimally lymphocytotoxic. Most sera were cytotoxic for autologous lymphocytes and were equally reactive with normal and SLE lymphocytes, as well as with B- and T-cell preparations. Separate T- and B-cell specificities, which appeared not to be related to HL-A determinants, were identified by differential absorption experiments. The functional significance of these antilymphocyte antibodies is discussed.

Nature of cold-reactive antibodies to lymphocyte surface determinants in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Large percentages of the lymphocytes from some patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus were densely covered with Ig demonstrable by immunofluorescence, which was occasionally present in the form of caps. The amount and character of the Ig staining depended largely on the procedures used in the isolation and washing of the lymphocytes. Cold-reactive antilymphocyte antibodies present in many sera wre primarily responsible for these variations. Overnight culture of the lymphocytes proved to be an efficient procedure for the removal of adsorbed antibody. Some evidence was also obtained for the presence of circulating immune complexes and exogenous rheumatoid factor molecules on the lymphocyte surface. Thus on freshly isolated cells the demonstration of surface Ig proved to an unreliable marker of bone marrow-derived (B) cells in these disease: the actual percent of B cells with intrinsic surface Ig was often markedly decreased. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, this reduction was in agreement with the low numbers of cells that had a receptor for aggregated IgG. The mean percentage of thymus-derived (T) cells in both diseases was slightly greater than the normal level.

The concentrations of lymphocytes in joint fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were often greater than levels found in blood. T cells primarily accounted for this increase. The T cells typically formed unusually dense rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. B lymphocytes were proportionally much diminished. Evidence was obtained for the existence of a major joint fluid lymphocyte population that lacked all assayed surface markers.

/pdf/analyses-of-lymphocytes-from-patients-with-rheumatoid-4r67p5ps9f.pdf

Analyses of Lymphocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus OCCURRENCE OF INTERFERING COLD-REACTIVE ANTILYMPHOCYTE ANTIBODIES

Surface radioiodination of lymphocytes by the lactoperoxidase procedure has permitted demonstration of an assortment of different antibodies to lymphocytes in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. One type of antibody proved of special interest because it appeared to be associated with inhibition of the responder cells in the mixed leukocyte culture reactions. This reacted with an antigen on T cells and thymocytes which on sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a molecular weight of approximately 15,000 daltons. The possible relation of this antigen to T cell receptors and products of immune response genes is discussed.

/pdf/antibodies-to-a-specific-surface-antigen-of-t-cells-in-human-4mdz00ooqa.pdf

Antibodies to a specific surface antigen of t cells in human sera inhibiting mixed leukocyte culture reactions

The complement-mediated cytotoxicity assay has been used to demonstrate surface immunoglobulin determinants on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In two individuals with monoclonal serum IgM components, idiotypic antisera demonstrated similar components on a significant proportion of the peripheral blood lymphocytes.

https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/136/3/650/1392897/650.pdf

P. Wernet

Papers

Recognition by pregnancy serums of non-HL-A alloantigens selectively expressed on B lymphocytes.

Nature of cold-reactive antibodies to lymphocyte surface determinants in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Analyses of Lymphocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus OCCURRENCE OF INTERFERING COLD-REACTIVE ANTILYMPHOCYTE ANTIBODIES

Antibodies to a specific surface antigen of t cells in human sera inhibiting mixed leukocyte culture reactions

Idiotypic determinants of immunoglobulin m detected on the surface of human lymphocytes by cytotoxicity assays