N.V. Zaitseva1,2,3, A.S. Sboev4, S.V. Kleyn1,2, S.A. Vekovshinina1 Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation Perm State University, 15 Bukireva Str., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya Str., Perm, 614000, Russian Federation Informational methodical center, 19A Varshavskoe shosse, Moscow, 117105, Russian Federation

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Drinking water quality: health risk factors and efficiency of control and surveillance activities by Rospotrebnadzor

The aim of the study was a comprehensive analysis of the state of the environment in the industrialized city of Voronezh to justify measures to protect the environment and prevent the morbidity of the population. Material and methods. The study uses materials from the regional information fund for social and hygienic monitoring, which is implemented on the basis of the Federal State Health Care Institution “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region” under the “Environment” section for the last 5 years. The methods of the comprehensive assessment of anthropogenic load on the environment and methods for assessing the health risks of the population due to environmental factors are applied. Results. The anthropogenic load on the environment has been established to be significantly higher in the territories with the predominant negative influence of the industrial sector (Coefficient of complex anthropogenic load (CL = 13.29)) and motor traffic loads (CL = 14.65) relative to the relatively prosperous territory (CL = 7.97). Among the analyzed factors (air pollution, drinking water quality, soil contamination in the residential area, road noise), the leading contribution of the aerotechnogenic factor to the formation of the level of anthropogenic load in the urban area (58.1-58.5%) was determined on the basis of a comprehensive hygienic assessment. An assessment of the health risks of the population showed the priority of the adverse impact of air pollution and road noise on the city residents. According to the degree of carcinogenic danger, the most unfavorable situation is observed in the industrial area near the aircraft plant and the plant for the production of synthetic rubber, where high levels of total individual carcinogenic risk (chrome+6, soot, acrolein, formaldehyde), more than 1∙10-4, less than 1∙10-3, which is classified as a hazardous risk. The unacceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (HQ>1) in the industrial area is exceeded by 4 out of 14 controlled substances: acrolein, nitric oxide, copper oxide, chromium+6. When assessing the unidirectional effects of substances, an unacceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (HI>1) was found to be characteristic for the development of the pathology if respiratory, cardiovascular, hemopoietic (blood) and endocrine system. The risk of disrupting the health of the urban population at existing levels of noise from road transport exceeds acceptable values. The highest risk indices for health from the effects of transport noise are characteristic for diseases of the cardiovascular system. As the age (probable duration of the exposure time) increases from 10 to 35 years, the risk level is estimated as average (the risk ranges from 0.051 to 0.342 units), from 40 to 45 years - as high (from 0.352 to 0.591), from 50 to 70 years - as extreme (from 0.607 to 1). The identified problems must be solved in the context of the overall development of the city.

Comprehensive assessment of the state of the environment of the industrial city

In the article there are defined the main tasks of risk analysis and its main component - risk management, which make it possible to develop economically efficient measures, aimed at the impact reduction of environmental harmful factors for public health based on the analysis of market driven approaches «cost-benefit» and «cost-effectiveness». As well there are emphasized significant fundamental changes in the area of the legislative support of management activity, focused on sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population. The implementation of risk-focused approach to the practice of means of control and supervision to the government of Russian Federation is an integral part of control reformation system of different nature. The key problems of public health risk management in Russia are defined and the main ways of their solution are discussed. Thus, the development of reliable and scientifically based classifications of hazard level for objects requires clear criteria for supervision of assessing objects. Classes of business entities should reflect the leading risk factors, which discovered in the controlled areas. In the justification of risk from the probability (frequency) of violations of the mandatory requirements of sanitary legislation required the inventory of all consequences of the breach of sanitary legislation for each object of supervision and their ranking according to the degree of hazard. It is pointed out, that the movement towards to the technological regulation of air pollution emissions, including indicators of the Maximum Achievable Control Technology or (MACT) is a progressive management method, which requires an analysis with the use of MACT from the perspective of achieving acceptable risk levels, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of alternative measures to reduce emissions, including MACT. It was noted, that on the basis of comparative risk analysis, it is possible to assess not only the risk to human health, but also the environmental risk to the ecosystem and its components, as well as the risk associated with the violation of the quality and living conditions. It is seen the interaction of concerned parties in the development of solutions management of health risks from environmental factors.

Actual problems of population health risks management in Russia.

The current system of socio-hygienic monitoring provides the solution of the following tasks: priority and systematization of risk factors, assessment and forecast of risk for the health of the children population, planning and control of the activities of supervisory authorities with the introduction of a risk-based approach into their practice. Therefore, there was a need to summarize the huge and insufficiently systematic material of many-years research to assess the risk fir the health of the children population. The paper summarizes the materials of the annual “State Reports on the Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population of the Chelyabinsk Region” over the past three years. There is given an assessment of the risk forecast, including an assessment of the risk to the health of the children population, statistical methods for analyzing and assessing the structure of diseases under the influence of environmental factors, social factors and a risk-based approach to control and surveillance activities to assess the sanitary and epidemiological situation at educational facilities. There are identified main priority sanitary and epidemiological, social risk factors that form negative trends in the health status of the region’s children, with an analysis of the structure of their incidence, an assessment of the risk of multi-environmental exposure to chemical environmental factors. The causal relationship between the morbidity structure in children and adolescents with the negative influence of environmental factors and their lifestyle has been revealed. The on-alertness for the health of the child population living in three territories of the region is noted to be in the range of acceptable risk. The analysis of carcinogenic risk revealed the main risk factors for the population when consuming water and agricultural products to include the presence of arsenic and chloroform in them. In 2018, 0.05% of children’s organizations were established to be assigned to the high-risk group, 6.5% - to the significant-risk group, and 1.9% - to the low-risk group. The implemented risk-based approach to the practice of control and supervision activities of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare and systematic long-term monitoring of data made it possible to improve the sanitary and epidemiological situation at the objects of education and training of children and adolescents.

Social and hygienic monitoring as the basis of a control in the control and supervisory activities of the federal service for surveillance on consumer rights protection and human wellbeing

The object of the study was the centralized drinking water supply system of the Voronezh Region. The purpose of the study was to assess health risks for the population of the Voronezh Region associated with drinking water quality. Materials and methods: The data of the regional drinking water quality monitoring system, which included monthly sampling and testing of water samples at 553 sites in 32 administrative districts and the city of Voronezh for 8 priority sanitary and chemical indicators (total hardness, concentrations of iron, manganese, nitrates, nitrites, boron, fluorine, and ammonium ions) for the years 2010-2019 were used. To achieve the objective based on monitoring studies of drinking water quality in the water distribution system, four generally accepted stages of risk assessment were implemented including hazard identification, evaluation of dose-response relationship, exposure assessment, risk quantification and characterization. When evaluating the exposure, four calculation scenarios were considered and probable body burdens for children and adults were calculated using the average long-term concentration and 95 percentile of concentration in a separate administrative territory. Results: Regional non-carcinogenic risks estimated on the basis of the average regional concentrations of priority pollutants did not exceed acceptable values (HQ 1) associated with the quality of drinking water include elevated levels of nitrates, fluorine, boron, and iron.

https://zniso.fcgie.ru/jour/article/download/201/194

Риск здоровью населения Воронежской области, обусловленный качеством питьевой воды

The main direction of improving the activity of the Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance at the present stage is the implementation of a risk-oriented model, which involves the use of health risk assessment methods for solving a wide range of functional tasks of the Service, classification of supervised objects depending on the degree of threat and risk of harm to life and health of citizens and a differentiated approach to the conduction of regulatory and supervisory activities with concentration on efforts on objects forming unacceptable health risks; introduction of risk assessment methodology in the system for sanitary regulation, systematic approach to the information analysis provision of tasks on the assessment and health risk management, including within the framework of public health monitoring, accounting of indicators of economic efficiency of supervisory activities and health risk management measures.

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Health risk analysis in the tasks of improving sanitary and epidemiological surveillance in the Russian Federation

The changes in socio-economic conditions of the modern world require the public authorities to improve the methods of management. The index of the effectiveness of this management is the achievement objectives of public interest. Based on historical data, taking into account recommendations of international organizations for the assessment of the performance and efficiency of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing it is proposed to use infectious morbidity rate indices of the population controlled by means of vaccination; the level ofparasitic diseases; the percent ofprevented cases as a result of the activities of agencies and organizations of Federal Service For Surveillance On Consumer Rights Protection And Human Wellbeing, mortality rate due to the impact of environmental factors, percent ofprevented cases as a result of the activities of bodies and organizations of Federal Service For Surveillance On Consumer Rights Protection And Human Welbeing, the prevalence rate of diseases associated with neoplasms in the population, diseases of the circulatory system, asthma, liver disease, congenital abnormalities (newly diagnosed malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities) and the value of economic loss, generated by medical and demographic losses and underproduction of Gross Domestic Product prevented by measures of Federal Service For Surveillance On Consumer Rights Protection And Human Wellbeing. Methodological approaches for monitoring and analysis of these indices have been developed. There are determined ways of the improvement of the system of collecting and processing information for the correct assessment of the performance and efficiency of service activities.

On the scientific and methodological support of the assessment of the performance and effectiveness of the control and supervision activity of the Federal Service For Surveillance On Consumer Rights Protection And Human Wellbeing

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Оn the issue of setting priorities in the organization of risk-based supervision over the safety of consumer products traded on the common economic space of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan

P.Z. Shur

Papers

Health risk analysis in the tasks of improving sanitary and epidemiological surveillance in the Russian Federation

On the scientific and methodological support of the assessment of the performance and effectiveness of the control and supervision activity of the Federal Service For Surveillance On Consumer Rights Protection And Human Wellbeing

Оn the issue of setting priorities in the organization of risk-based supervision over the safety of consumer products traded on the common economic space of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan