Anthropometry of the head and face

Out with the old.

Group Exhibition, curated by Dean Hughes, featuring work by the following artists:
David Blackaller
Juan Cruz
Alan Currall
Sian Robinson Davies

Ideas in Things

The rapid progress in digitalization and automation have led to an accelerated growth in healthcare, generating novel models that are creating new channels for rendering treatment at reduced cost. The Metaverse is an emerging technology in the digital space which has huge potential in healthcare, enabling realistic experiences to the patients as well as the medical practitioners. The Metaverse is a confluence of multiple enabling technologies such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, augmented reality, internet of medical devices, robotics, quantum computing, etc. through which new directions for providing quality healthcare treatment and services can be explored. The amalgamation of these technologies ensures immersive, intimate and personalized patient care. It also provides adaptive intelligent solutions that eliminates the barriers between healthcare providers and receivers. This article provides a comprehensive review of the Metaverse for healthcare, emphasizing on the state of the art, the enabling technologies to adopt the Metaverse for healthcare, the potential applications, and the related projects. The issues in the adaptation of the Metaverse for healthcare applications are also identified and the plausible solutions are highlighted as part of future research directions.

Metaverse for Healthcare: A Survey on Potential Applications, Challenges and Future Directions

We report an efficient and environment-friendly method of synthesizing biodegradable, shape memory polyurethanes via a catalyst-free polymerization process. Two different polyurethanes (poly(PCL-1,4-butanediol-urethane) PCBU and poly(PCL-5,5′,6,6′-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-spirobisindane-urethane) PCTU) were composed by the soft segment of polycaprolactone diol and the hard segment of non-planar ring structure/hexamethylene diisocyanate. The polyurethane products obtained were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). PCTU and PCBU exhibited a shape fixation rate of 99.3% and 91.1% and shape recovery rate of 98.3% and 85.1%, respectively during a triple-shape memory procedure. Notably, these PUs had superior biodegradability in buffer solution without enzyme catalysis and the biodegradation weight loss ratio of the PCBU reached 48% within 3 months in the buffer solution.

A facile preparation strategy of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based biodegradable polyurethane elastomer with a highly efficient shape memory effect

The university campuses situated in metropolitan city centres have morphed into complex environments due to congested layout and high-rise buildings The environmental legibility for wayfinding wit

Human wayfinding behaviour and metrics in complex environments: A systematic literature review

There is a need of accurate anthropometric data of human head and face for both research and product designing. In past conventional measurements techniques were used to acquire anthropometric measurements for designing of products using scales, calipers, tapes which were less accurate and reliable, but with the advent of 3D scanner it has become very convenient for the researchers to acquire accurate 3D anthropometric head and face measurement. In the last three decades there has been a constant effort in optimizing the 3D scanners for improving its accurate and making it more user-friendly. This study discusses three different types of 3D scanners used for scanning head and face and tries to analyze their performance. The scanners included in the study are: Cyberware 3030 color scanner, Artec Eva 3D scanner and Structure sensor ST01 mode. The study provides an overview of possible advantages and limitations of all the three scanners.

Review on 3D Scanners for Head and Face Modeling

Human head is one of the most important parts of the body, as it houses brain and other sensory organs, which controls functioning and working of the whole body. The products used for head and face are designed for functions like protection, information transfer, healthcare or to improve the aesthetic appearance. In order for them to serve their purpose, they need a close fit and in order to make it more ergonomic, user's comfort also needs to be addressed, thereby making it necessary to acquire accurate anthropometric data for ergonomic product design. Traditional techniques involve manual measurement using tapes, callipers and scales which normally have low reliability and low accuracy. With the advancement in image processing and computer aided designing and modelling techniques it has become possible to develop highly accurate and reliable 3D head and face model. Following paper presents a systematic review of different approaches that have been proposed for developing 3D head and face model a...

/pdf/three-dimensional-human-head-modelling-a-systematic-review-106bnubw92.pdf

Three-dimensional human head modelling: a systematic review

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are an exciting class of stimuli-responsive smart materials that demonstrate reactive and reversible changes in mechanical property, usually by switching between different states due to external stimuli. We report on the development of a polyurethane-based SMP foam for effective pressure redistribution that demonstrates controllable changes in dynamic pressure redistribution capability at a low transition temperature (∼24 °C)-ideally suited to matching modulations in body contact pressure for dynamic pressure relief (e.g., for alleviation or pressure ulcer effects). The resultant SMP material has been extensively characterized by a series of tests including stress-strain testing, compression testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, optical microscopy, UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy, variable-temperature areal pressure distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic thermogravimetric analysis, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The foam system exhibits high responsivity when tested for plantar pressure modulation with significant potential in pressure ulcers treatment. Efficient pressure redistribution (∼80% reduction in interface pressure), high stress response (∼30% applied stress is stored in fixity and released on recovery), and excellent deformation recovery (∼100%) are demonstrated in addition to significant cycling ability without performance loss. By providing highly effective pressure redistribution and modulation when in contact with the body's surface, this SMP foam offers novel mechanisms for alleviating the risk of pressure ulcers.

/pdf/shape-memory-polyurethane-based-smart-polymer-substrates-for-43vnwycz27.pdf

Parth Shah

Papers

Human wayfinding behaviour and metrics in complex environments: A systematic literature review

Review on 3D Scanners for Head and Face Modeling

Three-dimensional human head modelling: a systematic review

Shape Memory Polyurethane-Based Smart Polymer Substrates for Physiologically Responsive, Dynamic Pressure (Re)Distribution

Assessment of pressure sensitivity in the head region for Chinese adults