American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Douglas S. Massey , Nancy A. Denton

Developing advanced superwetting oil/water separation materials with controlled wettability, excellent selectivity and sustainable separation is a persistent pursuit for researchers. Recently, smart materials have been highly anticipated to enable sustainable...

Current research situation and future prospect of superwetting smart oil/water separation materials

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of organic crystalline porous materials discovered in the early 21st century that have become an attractive class of emerging materials due to their high crystallinity, intrinsic porosity, structural regularity, diverse functionality, design flexibility, and outstanding stability. However, many chemical and physical properties strongly depend on the presence of metal ions in materials for advanced applications, but metal-free COFs do not have these properties and are therefore excluded from such applications. Metalated COFs formed by combining COFs with metal ions, while retaining the advantages of COFs, have additional intriguing properties and applications, and have attracted considerable attention over the past decade. This review presents all aspects of metalated COFs, from synthetic strategies to various applications, in the hope of promoting the continued development of this young field.

Metalated covalent organic frameworks: from synthetic strategies to diverse applications.

Shape-memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These structures are categorized into 4D-printed (4DPed) products which change their shape and properties over time dimension. 4D printing, a novel, multidisciplinary, and futuristic technology is expanding its utilization in different applications including healthcare, space, textile, soft robotics, defence, sports, aerospace, and automotive sectors. This review article focuses on the recent and insightful developments in the 4DP technology of SMMs especially shape-memory polymers. This review also integrates printing technologies, the programming of materials for specific actuating mechanisms, and the most recent applications of 4DPed structures/products. Future perspectives and countless opportunities of this 4DP technology are outlined to address the current challenges which will help evolve and promote this novel technology as the mainstream manufacturing approach for developing real-world products in a myriad of engineering sectors. 4DP technology progresses beyond imagination, since its inception and will promote technological and manufacturing renaissance in the material science field. This technology will profoundly impact manufacturing and daily human life in the future. 

Four‐Dimensional (4D) Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance

• The essential oils encapsulation is promising for the evolution of functional foods. • Encapsulation reduces hydrophobicity and impact on organoleptic properties. • Membrane emulsification as single step encapsulation needs further investigation. • Integration of oil encapsulation techniques with membrane technology is promising. Essential oils are highly demanded in recent decades due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, protecting food from spoilage. However, their incorporation into low-fat foods is a challenge due to their hydrophobic nature, strong aroma, and flavor. Encapsulation is an effective approach to overcome these drawbacks. This review addresses currently investigated techniques for encapsulating essential oils. The use of emulsion-based delivery systems was developed in combination with encapsulation processes for lipophilic ingredients dispersed in aqueous media. Several techniques used in preparing emulsions are reported, and unlike conventional methods, membrane emulsification has emerged as a potential tool for designing new emulsified products. The main characteristics of essential oils and their applications in the food industry are also emphasized, and future research opportunities are highlighted. 

Pat Harris

Papers

Improving 3D/4D printing characteristics of natural food gels by novel additives: A review

Improving 3D/4D printing characteristics of natural food gels by novel additives: A review

Microencapsulation of rose essential oil in mung bean protein isolate-apricot peel pectin complex coacervates and characterization of microcapsules

Microencapsulation of rose essential oil in mung bean protein isolate-apricot peel pectin complex coacervates and characterization of microcapsules

A novel Janus sponge fabricated by a green strategy for simultaneous separation of oil/water emulsions and dye contaminants