Showing papers by "Patricia Noller published in 1988"
TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that ratings of self tended to be more objective than ratings of other family members and that ratings by the trained observer were more highly correlated with those of the outsider family, although differences between the means showed that trained observers used a similar metric to the insider family.
Abstract: To see whether adolescents view parent-child relationships more like their parents or more like outsiders, 41 mother-father-adolescent child triads were videotaped interacting over two tasks. Each family member then viewed both interactions and rated levels of anxiety, dominance, involvement, and friendliness, for each interactant. These same interactions were also watched and rated by another mother-father-adolescent triad (outsider family) who did not know the family. These interactions were then rated by a trained observer. For ratings of anxiety, dominance, involvement, and friendliness, analyses involved comparisons (a) between the insider and outsider families ratings, on correlations between insider family members and outsider family members with the trained observer, and (b) comparisons among the three types of observers. Ratings by members of the outsider family were generally more negative than those by members of the insider family. Ratings of self tended to be more objective than ratings of other family members. Ratings by the trained observer were more highly correlated with those of the outsider family, although differences between the means showed that trained observers used a similar metric to the insider family. The importance of looking at patterns of ratings as well as mean differences is emphasized.
107 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the effects of sex and response format on the process of decoding deceptive messages and found that females were more confident and took less time than males to make a decision when decoding males.
Abstract: This study examined the effects of sex and response format on the process of decoding deceptive messages. A videotape was made containing 32 items (16 honest and 16 dishonest) in which encoders described a person they liked and a person they disliked both honestly and deceptively. Two response formats were used: (1) the rating of items on a six-point liking scale and a six-point deception scale and (2) a forced choice format whereby subjects had to choose between the four types of items. Decoders were given five sets of scores: (a) accuracy scores, (b) awareness of deception scores, (c) confidence scores, (d) cues scores, which were the number of items on which they mentioned using a particular type of cue (verbal, nonverbal, or both combined), and (e) a measure of response time for each item. In the accuracy analyses, there were so significant main effects for sex for either format. However, when decoding males, females (relative to males) tended to read the overt rather than the covert, affect. Females, however, were more aware of the possibility of deception but did not differentiate between honest and dishonest items. Males were more confident and took less time than females to make a decision. Females mentioned the use of cues more than males did. There were no significant correlations between accuracy and the process variables although for males, but not females, there were significant correlations among the process variables for both honest items and dishonest items.
47 citations
Book•
23 Jun 1988
TL;DR: Theories of the family and marriage have been studied in this article, with a focus on repairing and strengthening family relationships, including separating, divorce, and re-marrying.
Abstract: Part 1 Theroy and Method 1. Structure and Functions of the family 2. Theories of the Family 3. Methods for Studying the Family and Marriage Part 11: Developing Intimate Relationships 4. Dating, Partner Selection, Love and Breaking Up 5. Types of Intimate Relationships Part 111: Marriage 6. The Marital Relationship 7. Communication in the Marriage 8. Roles and Changing Roles Part 1V: Being a Family 9. Becoming a Parent 10. Models of Family Functioning 11. Families Over the LIfe Cycle 12. Parent-Child RElationships Part V: Separation, Divorce and Remarriage 13. Separation, Divorce and Remarriage 14. Repairing and Strengthening Family Relationships.
15 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: This article explore the question of whether the sex and marital adjustment level differences in understanding and misunderstanding between spouses that have been found in the literature can be accounted for by actual differences in nonverbal behaviour.
Abstract: (From the chapter) explore the question of whether the sex and marital adjustment level differences in understanding and misunderstanding between spouses that have been found in the literature can be accounted for by actual differences in nonverbal behaviour /// to compare the findings of the two different types of studies-those where a structured interaction task is used, and those which use free (or relatively free) interaction /// message-sending (or encoding) / message-receiving (or decoding).
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined channel effects and situational determinants of political impressions and found that voting preference affected ratings of favorability and political ability, but not ratings of dynamism.
Abstract: Examined channel effects and the situational determinants of political impressions. 115 undergraduates were exposed to videotaped segments involving 7 prominent politicians. Ss were allocated to video only, audio only, combined audio and video, or transcript only conditions. The 6 segments for each politician represented 3 situations (speech, press-conference, and interview). Ss' rated their impressions of the politicians as speakers. Both the politician and the situation influenced ratings of dynamism; for favorability and political ability, effects were related mainly to the politician. Ss working from the transcript rated politicians differently than did Ss working from tapes. Voting preference affected ratings of favorability and political ability, but not ratings of dynamism. Results point to effects for the politicians' reputation and for context and nonverbal behavior.
6 citations
TL;DR: The Eysenck Personality Inventory was administered to a sample of 583 Australians and all three methods obtained major Neuroticism and Extraversion factors but the third method gave the poorest confirmation of the expected factor structure for these items.
Abstract: The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) was administered to a sample of 583 Australians. Responses to the 57 items were intercorrelated and factor analyzed by three different methods: (a) extract two principal factors and rotate them by varimax; (b) extract as many factors as possible by the minimum residual method, determine the correct number of factors using the Tandem Criteria method and then rotate that number of factors by the Tandem Criterion I method; (c) using ones in the diagonals, extract all factors with positive eigen values and rotate these factors by varimax. All three methods obtained major Neuroticism and Extraversion factors but the third method gave the poorest confirmation of the expected factor structure for these items. Of the remaining two methods, the second is preferred for testing the expected underlying factor structure for these items since it permits items to remain on the same factor only if they are correlated with each other and it reveals what other constructs may be required in addition to those hypothesized to account for all the common factor variance.
5 citations