Modern cyber physical systems (CPSs) has widely being used in our daily lives because of development of information and communication technologies (ICT). With the provision of CPSs, the security and privacy threats associated to these systems are also increasing. Passive attacks are being used by intruders to get access to private information of CPSs. In order to make CPSs data more secure, certain privacy preservation strategies such as encryption, and k-anonymity have been presented in the past. However, with the advances in CPSs architecture, these techniques also need certain modifications. Meanwhile, differential privacy emerged as an efficient technique to protect CPSs data privacy. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of differential privacy techniques for CPSs. In particular, we survey the application and implementation of differential privacy in four major applications of CPSs named as energy systems, transportation systems, healthcare and medical systems, and industrial Internet of things (IIoT). Furthermore, we present open issues, challenges, and future research direction for differential privacy techniques for CPSs. This survey can serve as basis for the development of modern differential privacy techniques to address various problems and data privacy scenarios of CPSs.

Differential Privacy Techniques for Cyber Physical Systems: A Survey

Artificial intelligence based anomaly detection of energy consumption in buildings: A review, current trends and new perspectives

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Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis Structure Properties And Applications

The ongoing deployment of smart meters and different commercial devices has made electricity disaggregation feasible in buildings and households, based on a single measure of the current and, sometimes, of the voltage. Energy disaggregation is intended to separate the total power consumption into specific appliance loads, which can be achieved by applying Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) techniques with a minimum invasion of privacy. NILM techniques are becoming more and more widespread in recent years, as a consequence of the interest companies and consumers have in efficient energy consumption and management. This work presents a detailed review of NILM methods, focusing particularly on recent proposals and their applications, particularly in the areas of Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) and Ambient Assisted Living (AAL), where the ability to determine the on/off status of certain devices can provide key information for making further decisions. As well as complementing previous reviews on the NILM field and providing a discussion of the applications of NILM in HEMS and AAL, this paper provides guidelines for future research in these topics.

NILM Techniques for Intelligent Home Energy Management and Ambient Assisted Living: A Review

Experimental investigation of heat pipe solar collector using MgO nanofluids

Technological advances in manufacturing smart high-performances electronic devices, increasingly available at lower costs, nowadays allow one to improve users’ quality of life in many application fields. In this work, the human–machine interaction obtained by using a next generation device (Myo armband) is analyzed and discussed, with a particular focus to healthcare applications such as upper-limb prostheses. An overview on application fields of the Myo armband and on the latest research works related to its use in prosthetic applications is presented; subsequently, the technical features and functionalities of this device are examined. Myo armband is a wearable device provided with eight electromyographic electrodes, a 9-axes inertial measurement unit and a transmission module. It sends the data related to the detected signals, via Bluetooth Low Energy technology, to other electronic devices which process them and act accordingly, depending on how they are programmed (in order to drive actuators or perform other specific functions). Applied to the prosthetic field, Myo armband allows one to overcome many issues related to the existing prostheses, representing a complete electronic platform that detects in real-time the main signals related to forearm activity (muscles activation and forearm movements in the three-dimensional space) and sends these data to the connected devices. Nowadays, several typologies of prostheses are available on the market; they can be mainly distinguished into low-cost prostheses, which are light and compact but allow for a limited number of movements, and high-end prostheses, which are much more complex and featured by high dexterity, but also heavy, bulky, difficult to control and very expensive. Finally, the Myo armband is an optimum candidate for prosthetic application (and many others) and offers an excellent lowcost solution for obtaining a reliable, easy to use system.

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Technical features and functionalities of Myo armband: An overview on related literature and advanced applications of myoelectric armbands mainly focused on arm prostheses

This research work regards the design and realization of an absorption spectrophotometer based on a LED light source in place of the usually employed Xenon lamp. The advantage of the use of LED technology resides in several factors such as the reducing of the analyte temperature variations and thus noise generation, which occur if a Xenon light source is used, beside of the high luminous efficiency, reliability, operating duration, lower maintenance and a lower power consumption. This last factor allows to supply the entire designed apparatus using a solar panel thus making the system easly portable for use even in places where the electricity network is absent. An optical filtering system was realized in order to detect the analyte absorption for each wavelength range selected by the optical filters. A PC-interfaced PIC-based control unit used to manage the different functionalities required by the spectophotometer was realized and tested. The control unit acquires and processes, via the developed firmware, the raw data provided by different sensors employed in the system. The sensors are used to monitor analyte temperature and humidity values, to control the analyte pressure and to acquire the luminous intensity value of the light beam before and after passing through the analyte. Finally, the realized electronic control unit actuates different mechanical sections (stepper motor, solenoid valve), sincronyzing and controlling the data exchange between hardware sections, microcontroller and the PC.

A solar-powered white led-based uv-vis spectrophotometric system managed by pc for air pollution detection in faraway and unfriendly locations

Measurement and control system for thermosolar plant and performance comparison between traditional and nanofluid solar thermal collectors

In this paper, the design and testing of a PC-interfaced PIC-based control unit used to manage an absorption spectrophotometer, employing a white LED as light source, are described. LED technology allows to perform the absorption measurements reducing the analyte temperature variations and thus noise generation, which occur if a Xenon light source, usually employed, is used; also thanks to LED technology, the system results low cost, easy to use and with a low power consumption. The realized spectrophotometer can be used for atmospheric and industrial pollutant detection or for indoor air monitoring (e.g., in hospital rooms), being able to detect particulate matter, pesticides, volatile organic compounds as well as pollution produced by heavy metals. The realized system manages the different required functionalities, such as acquisition and processing, via firmware, of raw data provided by sensors, actuation of mechanical devices (stepper motor and solenoid valve), and synchronizing and controlling the data exchange between hardware sections, microcontroller, and PC. Both hardware and software sections were designed carrying out the appropriate tests to verify their proper operation. Results confirm the correct system functioning and interaction, via PC terminal, between user and the realized control unit.

Hardware Design and Software Development for a White LED-Based Experimental Spectrophotometer Managed by a PIC-Based Control System

Aim of this paper is to illustrate and describe the trend of last technological innovations and new IoT-based devices employed in solar-powered LED-based lighting systems, in order to obtain energy savings, low mainteinance costs and to offer additional services to the users or community. Technological developments, in the last years, have allowed the use of LEDs technology in many general illumination applications, from houses to commercial or outdoor spaces. LED lighting is projected to reduce related energy consumption of 15% in 2020 up to 40% in 2030; in this contest, solarpowered LED lighting facilities offer a significant contribution to obtain energy savings, together with substantial environmental and health benefits. Last innovations in nanotechnology and quantum physics have the potential to strongly increase the electrical power obtained from solar panels for feeding any portable device. Furthermore, the spread of Internet of Things (IoT) and the huge use of smartphones and related apps allow wirelessly to control and drive the LEDbased lighting systems, that also can be provided with integrated sensors thus realizing new functionalities, an improved management of energy and new services for smart cities. Finally, systems made up of connected lighting devices could become data collection platforms that, making use of renewable energies, enable even greater energy savings referred to lighting and in general electrical facilities present in smart buildings or cities.

Solar-powered LED-based lighting facilities: an overview on recent technologies and embedded IoT devices to obtain wireless control, energy savings and quick maintenance

Patrizio Primiceri

Papers

Technical features and functionalities of Myo armband: An overview on related literature and advanced applications of myoelectric armbands mainly focused on arm prostheses

A solar-powered white led-based uv-vis spectrophotometric system managed by pc for air pollution detection in faraway and unfriendly locations

Measurement and control system for thermosolar plant and performance comparison between traditional and nanofluid solar thermal collectors

Hardware Design and Software Development for a White LED-Based Experimental Spectrophotometer Managed by a PIC-Based Control System

Solar-powered LED-based lighting facilities: an overview on recent technologies and embedded IoT devices to obtain wireless control, energy savings and quick maintenance