In this innovative book, a well-known feminist and sociologist-who is also the founding editor of Gender & Society-challenges our most basic assumptions about gender. Judith Lorber argues that gender is wholly a product of socialization, subject to human agency, organization, and interpretation, and that it is a social institution comparable to the economy, the family, and religion in its significance and consequences. Calling into question the inevitability and necessity of gender, she envisions a society structured for equality, where no gender, racial ethnic, or social class group is allowed to monopolize positions of power.

Paradoxes of gender

Stories from Nokia, Dell, UPS, Toyota, and other companies show how firms can reduce their vulnerability to high-impact disruptions, from earthquakes to strikes, from SARS to terrorism, and use them for competitive advantage.

The Resilient Enterprise: Overcoming Vulnerability for Competitive Advantage

The Tethysides are a superorogenic complex flanking the Eurasian continent to the south and consisting of the Cimmerides and Alpides , products of Palaeo- and Neo-Tethys respectively. We here review their evolution, mainly on the basis of new maps showing the distribution of sutures, magmatic rocks, certain palaeobiogeographically and palaeoclimatologically significant taxa and facies, and fragments of Pan-African (900–450 Ma) orogenic system forming the basement of many Tethyside blocks. These are supplemented by palaeomagnetic data reported in the literature. A fundamental tenet of this paper is that major sutures which contain ophiolite fragments, represent tectonic sections between continental blocks where oceanic crust has been subducted. Palaeo-Tethys came into existence largely in late Carboniferous time. Coevally, it began to be consumed by both internal and peripheral subduction zones, which continued into the Permian; some of these had been inherited from pre-Tethyan times. In the later Permian, rifting subparallel with the northern margin of Gondwana Land began between the Zagros and Malaysia, separating a Cimmerian continent from N. Gondwana Land, and thus heralding the opening of Neo-Tethys and other smaller oceans that were back-arc basins of Palaeo-Tethys. This rifting possibly also extended farther west into Crete and mainland Greece. However, the North China block, Yangtze block, Huanan block, the eastern moity of the Qangtang block (North Tibet), and Annamia, all originally pieces of the end-Proterozoic-early Palaeozoic Gondwana Land, had already separated from it in pre-late Carboniferous times, possibly during the Devonian. All of these blocks, and the Cimmerian continent, were characterized by Cathaysian floral elements in late Palaeozoic time. Palaeomagnetic and palaeontological data showing the original Gondwana Land affinity of these continental blocks are supplemented by correlating late Proterozoic-early Palaeozoic Pan-African sutures, orogenic belts, and sedimentary basin fragments across Tethyside sutures. Late Permian foraminiferal provinces are related to this palaeogeographical interpretation. By Triassic times, most Cimmeride subduction zones were already in existence. The Cimmerian Continent accelerated its separation from Gondwana Land and—locally in the late Permian—began disintegrating internally along the Waser/Rushan-Pshart/Banggong Co-Nu Jiang/Mandalay ocean. By late Triassic time all of the Chinese blocks—except Lhasa-and Annamia had collided with each other and with Laurasia. The resulting enormous orogenic collage had a ‘soft cushion’ between itself and Laurasia, in the form of the enormous accretionary complex of the Songpan-Ganzi. This connection enabled Laurasian land vertebrates to reach south-east Asia by late Triassic time. In late Triassic to middle Jurassic times, most major Cimmeride collisions were completed. Widespread aridity in Central Asia occurred in late Jurassic time, probably in the rain shadow of the newly formed Cimmeride mountain wall. Neo-Tethyan subduction systems formed along the S. margin of the Cimmerides or within Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere during the Jurassic. Most, if not all, were north- or east-dipping. They continued the northerly migration of the Tethyside blocks. Evolution of the Tethysides influenced the distribution of marine and terrestrial organisms, and affected sea-level changes and patterns of atmospheric circulation during much of the Mesozoic and Cainozoic. It is likely to have reflected the surface expression of a persistent trend in the large-scale convective circulation in the mantle, that continuously transported material northward into the Tethyan domain.

Origin and assembly of the Tethyside orogenic collage at the expense of Gondwana Land

1. Introduction 2. Presidential, parliamentary, and mixed democracies 3. Are the incentives for coalition formation different in parliamentary and presidential democracies? 4. Are coalitions rare in presidential democracies? 5. Party discipline and form of government 6. What makes presidential democracies fragile? 7. Conclusion.

Presidentialism, parliamentarism, and democracy

Literature on public opinion in China suggests that public support for the Chinese Communist party (CCP) is quite high. No matter how survey questions regarding regime support are phrased, the results are the same. The obvious question arises: how does an authoritarian regime, such as the PRC, garner the support of the vast majority of its citizens? I argue that the exposure-acceptance model best explains the high level of public support in China. This model suggests that educated citizens, who are politically aware, display high levels of political support within an authoritarian regime, but citizens at the highest levels of education are more resistant to political messages and tend to have lower levels of support. However, in a developing country such as China there are unequal educational opportunities for rural and urban citizens. This has a significant influence on how education affects regime support. Despite lower levels of support among the most educated citizens, the CCP still manages to maintai...

Maintaining Popular Support for the Chinese Communist Party: The Influence of Education and the State‐Controlled Media

While Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was last week holding Star Wars talks with Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan, nurses in the USSR have received large pay rises to combat recruitment problems.

The Soviet Union

The MAGIC documents : summaries and transcripts of the top-secret diplomatic communications of Japan, 1938-1945

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Paul Kesaris

Papers

The Soviet Union

The MAGIC documents : summaries and transcripts of the top-secret diplomatic communications of Japan, 1938-1945

Documents of the National Security Council

Documents on disarmament, 1945-1982 : a collection from the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

Letters and papers of Robert Boyle : from the archives of the Royal Society