How has Japan become a major economic power, a world leader in the automotive and electronics industries? What is the secret of their success? The consensus has been that, though the Japanese are not particularly innovative, they are exceptionally skilful at imitation, at improving products that already exist. But now two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hiro Takeuchi, turn this conventional wisdom on its head: Japanese firms are successful, they contend, precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. Examining case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, 3M, GE, and the U.S. Marines, this book reveals how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge and use it to produce new processes, products, and services.

The knowledge-creating company : how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation

Knowledge Management

These resources are focused on qualitative research methods. They are particularly intended for those who are learning at and from workand support a University of Plymouth module, which can contribute to the University's Continual Professional Development (CPD) framework. Through this framework learners can achieve a Bachelors in Professional Developments or a Masters in Professional Development. Within the University's CPD programme the resources will be introduced and used by a tutor who will support and facilitate student learning through use of the resources. This will be in the form of blended learning; a mixture of face to face and use of these on-line resources. Information in this document and the tutor notes included within the PowerPoint presentations are intended to support the wider use and reuse of these Open Educational Resources.

In-depth Interviewing

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations List of Figures, Tables and Boxes Preface About the Contributors Part 1: Introduction 1. The Ecological Challenge in Organization Theory and Organizational Behaviour Ralph Meirna and Richard Welford Part 2: Framing the Organizational Dimensions of the Natural Environment 2. Defining the Problem: Diagnostic 'Tools' to Explore the Evolution of Unsustainable Practices in Organizations Tony Ernerson and Richard Welford 3. The Challenge of Ecological Logic: Explaining Distinctive Organizational Phenomena in Corporate Environmental Management Ralph Meima 4. Power, Organizational Culture and Ecological Abuse Tony Ernerson and Richard Welford Part 3: Developing Strategies for Managerial Action 5. Developing an Environmental Culture Through Organizational Change and Learning Minna Halrne 6. Reassessing Culture and Strategy: Environmental Improvement, Structure, Leadership and Control John Dodge 7. Culture Change, Pluralism and Participation David Jones and Richard Welford 8. Human Resource Management, Strategic Organizational Capabilities and Sustainable Development Tony Ernerson, Rdph Meimu, Romney Tansley and Richard Welford References Index

Culture and organizations

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology

Physical Activity (PA) is considered a coadjutant factor in the control of hypertension, helping to control this societal burden. This study investigates the factors that may influence the adoption of PA recommendations by hypertensive individuals by comparing physical activity patterns among hypertensives and normotensives and the importance placed on PA by both groups. Data from 966 Portuguese participants aged between 18 to 90 years old, representing hypertensives (n=144) and normotensives (n=822) were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire. The results show significant differences between the two groups in terms of causes of non-participation and dropping out, preferred PA activities, perceived knowledge, and information-seeking behaviour. The main barriers to exercise reported by hypertensives were the perception that PA is not adequate or even dangerous to their health. Doctors must be considered a key factor in promoting exercise. When compared to normotensives, hypertensives feel that PA information available is not appropriate (p=.0006). Hypertensives consider that existing programmes will not meet their needs and do not like traditional fitness classes, such as those in gyms. The fear of risks associated with exercise seems to be a significant barrier that impairs PA participation.

/pdf/evaluation-of-risks-and-benefits-of-physical-activity-of-345f5rawdp.pdf

Evaluation of Risks and Benefits of Physical Activity of Hypertensives and Normotensives: Fighting a Societal Burden

Background. The increasing prevalence and incidence of type 2 Diabetes has turned it into a worldwide epidemic. Although Physical Activity (PA) may play an essential role in the prevention and management of this disease, sedentary lifestyles continue to increase among diabetics. Besides, there is evidence to believe that diabetics and nondiabetics show different patterns of PA behavior, perceptions and information seeking. Objectives. This study aims to analyze diabetics and non-diabetics differences regarding (1) PA patterns (level, barriers, goals/expectations and preferred activities); (2) PA-related information sources and (3) evidenced perception on the need and importance of PA. Methods. Using data from 485 Portuguese subjects aged between 41 and 90 years old, differences between diabetics (n=85) and non-diabetics (n=400) were analyzed with Pearson’s chi-square and independent t-test. Results. The study concludes that 32% of diabetics that are physically inactive. Their attitude toward PA is not much different from non-diabetics. Nevertheless, the importance given to the time available and the schedules of activities as well as exercising with friends were more relevant for diabetics. Diabetics considered that the exercise is not safe for their health condition and present lower expectation towards exercise. Regarding information seeking behavior about PA, diabetics use as leading information source doctors and less online information. Conclusion. Diabetics and nondiabetics give different importance to PA. Results establish a foundation for the development of effective tailored communication strategies to promote PA among the diabetics.

/pdf/physical-activity-patterns-and-perceptions-among-type-2-fo8fqoa1f2.pdf

Physical Activity Patterns and Perceptions among Type 2 Diabetic and Non-diabetic Portuguese

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2521452.pdf

La inteligencia organizativa de las empresas del sector textil portugués

Physical inactivity increases the risk of developing several highly prevalent diseases (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, some cancers, and obesity). As large proportions of the population are not meeting physical activity guidelines, increasing physical activity (PA) is a public health priority. As such, intervention strategies that can reach many people in a cost-effective manner are desired. Webbased physical activity interventions have shown promising results and will continue to gain importance through growth in Internet access, but little investigation focus the Internet sites and social networks as information sources on PA knowledge and PA level, comparatively of using other (traditional) information sources. This investigation aims to evaluate differences among the use of Internet sites and social networks and traditional PA information sources, and the influence of each information source on PA knowledge and on PA level. The study included a randomly recruited sample of 200 subjects (53% males; 47% females), age 31.6±12.6 years old. A survey was designed to (1) identify where people find physical activity-related information, considering age, gender and education differences and (2) compare the influence of each information sources on PA knowledge and PA levels. Results show that Internet and social networks present the lowest usage as PA information source (21.5 and 5.0% respectively). The Internet is used as PA information source equally by genders (21.7 males % vs female 21.3%), mainly by and young adults (31.3%), and educated people 31.4%. Social networks are used mainly by males (6.6% vs female 3.2%), young and young adults (8.3 and 6 %), and equally (and less used) be low and educated people (5.5 and 5.7%). Looking for PA information in Internet sites no influence nor in PA knowledge nor in PA level, whereas looking for PA information in social networks show no influence on PA knowledge, but present a positive influence on PA level. The International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology (IJMSIT) Issue 4 (Apr-Jun 2012) (29 41) 30 ISSN 1923-0265 (Print) ISSN 1923-0273 (Online) ISSN 1923-0281 (CD-ROM), Copyright NAISIT Publishers 2014 This is an important finding, in the sense that the use of social networks as PA information source seems to have a positive impact on embracing an active lifestyle.

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/97847/1/785940278.pdf

Effect of Internet and social networks on knowledge regarding physical activity

Higher education institutions (HEIs) create, disseminate, and share knowledge through relationships involving people, processes, and technologies. Tacit knowledge is difficult to formalize and depends on social context. Its sharing is influenced by individual, organizational, and structural factors, and the knowledge management strategy. The literature suggests that this topic is quite relevant and that there is an evident lack of empirical studies investigating the tacit knowledge sharing in higher education institutions (HEIs). In this context, the main objective of this article is to identify the factors that influence the sharing of tacit knowledge in research groups in higher education institutions (HEIs). Data were collected at a Brazilian public higher education institution with a questionnaire applied to research faculty members. The sample was composed of 255 respondents. The data collected enabled the analysis of a structural equation model. The results reveal that individual, organizational structure, and knowledge management strategy factors are determinants for sharing tacit knowledge in the institution’s research groups.

/pdf/factors-influencing-tacit-knowledge-sharing-in-research-rhaiezzl.pdf

Paulo Pinheiro

Papers

Evaluation of Risks and Benefits of Physical Activity of Hypertensives and Normotensives: Fighting a Societal Burden

Physical Activity Patterns and Perceptions among Type 2 Diabetic and Non-diabetic Portuguese

La inteligencia organizativa de las empresas del sector textil portugués

Effect of Internet and social networks on knowledge regarding physical activity

Factors Influencing Tacit Knowledge Sharing in Research Groups in Higher Education Institutions