Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism

Mind, Self and Society from the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist

Series Editor's Preface. Introduction by John Breuilly. Acknowledgements. 1. Definitions. State and nation. The nation. 2. Culture in Agrarian Society. Power and culture in the agro-literature society. The varieties of agrarian rulers. 3. Industrial Society. The society of perpetual growth. Social genetics. The age of universal high culture. 4. The Transition to an Age of Nationalism. A note on the weakness of nationalism. Wild and garden culture. 5. What is a Nation. The course of true nationalism never did run smooth. 6. Social Entropy and Equality in Industrial Society. Obstacles to entropy. Fissures and barriers. A diversity of focus. 7. A Typology of Nationalisms. The varieties of nationalist experience. Diaspora nationalism. 8. The Future of Nationalism. Industrial culture - one or many?. 9. Nationalism and Ideology. Who is for Nuremberg?. One nation, one state. 10. Conclusion. What is not being said. Summary. Select bibliography. Bilbliography of Ernest Gellner's writing: Ian Jarvie. Index

Nations and Nationalism

Ethnic Groups in Conflict

THIS is a book of great length (444 pages of text), great learning (168 pages of notes), but not of commensurate understanding. It is a pity, because its defects may conceal its undoubted merits. When Dr. Popper is not caricaturing writers whose views he dislikes-and he dislikes a great many-he has a useful contribution to make to political thought, and his general moral theory (mainly to be found in the notes) is eminently sane and sensible. But for his passion for tilting at windmills he would have written a better and shorter book. The Open Society and its Enemies By K. R. Popper. Vol. 1: The Spell of Plato. Pp. vii + 268. Vol. 2: The High Tide of Prophecy—Hegel, Marx and the Aftermath. Pp. v + 352. (London: George Koutledge and Sons, Ltd., 1945.) 2 vols., 42s. net.

The Open Society and its Enemies

Dans cet article, en examinant particulierement les travaux publies pendant les 20 dernieres annees, on presentera un bilan de la production scientifique nationale qui s'est penchee particulierement sur l'emigration et l'immigration portugaises, autrement dit, sur les divers flux migratoires internationaux du et vers le Portugal, apres la IIeme Guerre Mondiale. Le texte est divise en deux parties ; la premiere sur l'emigration et la seconde sur l'immigration. Dans chaque section, on fera un bilan de ce que l'on sait et de ce que l'on ne sait pas sur ces deux themes. Ainsi, nous detecterons les principales tendances de la recherche dans ce domaine. A la fin, on presentera des themes de recherche qui nous paraissent particulierement importants, dans l'etat actuel de la recherche, afin d'approfondir notre connaissance sur la societe portugaise.

Migrações internacionais de e para Portugal : o que sabemos e para onde vamos ?

dynamics as never before. But in a post-colonial, multi-ethnic Europe, what is identity? How is it constructed? This book endeavours to answer these questions and more. Eleven of the thirteen chapters present empirical case studies from the Basque Country, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Portugal – thus resulting in one of the first international volumes to highlight Portugal’s diverse and complex migration flows. Transnationalism also takes centre stage in several contributions that survey various types of informal and formal networks in local communities and across national borders. Via American studies, anthropology, cultural studies, ethnology, history, social psychology and sociology, the authors come from an array of disciplines as dynamic as the continent about which they write.

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Identity Processes and Dynamics in Multi-Ethnic Europe

Although Portugal has traditionally produced many emigrants, the last 30 years have also shown increasing immigration. This increase in immigration has drawn attention away from the fact that significant emigration from Portugal continues. In this article, some of the main characteristics of migrations to and from Portugal are highlighted from a systemic perspective. The article shows that Portugal is both a receiving country and a sending country in the global migration system, and that it integrates several of the main migration systems at different levels. It is suggested that Portugal’s participation in existing migration systems is best captured and explained by conceptualizing it as a semi-peripheral society, one that is part of a core region of the world system (the European Union) and displays a number of characteristics of both central and peripheral countries. The concept of semi-periphery enables one to recognize the existence of what could be termed a quasi or emergent migratory system: the Lusophone migration system, which one can conceive as communicating intensively with other macro migratory systems. Observing the country’s migratory dynamics from the last two decades, and especially the migration flows that bond the Portuguese-speaking countries, one may view the Lusophone migration system as able to combine different levels of centers that (in some moments, and given certain conditions) could evolve into a bicephalous, or even tricephalous, center. These centers function as bonds among several other migration systems, and it is in the middle of this Lusophone migration system that the semi-peripheral role of Portugal becomes evident, as it can be core and periphery at the same time.

Portugal as a Semi-peripheral Country in the Global Migration System

A emigracao do Leste da Europa para Portugal e um fenomeno subito e intenso que transformou drasticamente a composicao e o panorama da populacao imigrante no pais. O artigo discute os determinantes principais que subjazem a este movimento migratorio. Partindo de um inquerito nacional a imigrantes da Ucrânia, Russia e Moldavia, descrevem‑se as principais caracteristicas sociais e demograficas desta populacao e os modos principais da sua insercao social.

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Novas migrações, novos desafios: A imigração do Leste Europeu

O texto descreve a evolucao da imigracao em Portugal, desde o processo de descolonizacao aos nossos dias. Para efeitos analiticos este periodo foi subdividido em tres. Os movimentos migratorios do primeiro periodo sao atribuidos ao processo de descolonizacao e subsequente necessidade de clarificacao de pertenca nacional; o segundo a entrada na CEE, que motivou a atribuicao a Portugal de avultados fundos estruturais de coesao e abriu a economia ao exterior; o terceiro a favoravel conjuntura economica que o pais viveu e ao modelo de desenvolvimento adoptado. A cada periodo correspondem populacoes imigrantes com origens nacionais, perfis demograficos e socioculturais diferentes.

Pedro Góis

Papers

Migrações internacionais de e para Portugal : o que sabemos e para onde vamos ?

Identity Processes and Dynamics in Multi-Ethnic Europe

Portugal as a Semi-peripheral Country in the Global Migration System

Novas migrações, novos desafios: A imigração do Leste Europeu

Imigrantes em Portugal: uma síntese histórica