The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this article, we survey the literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid. We explore three major systems, namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart protection system. We also propose possible future directions in each system. colorred{Specifically, for the smart infrastructure system, we explore the smart energy subsystem, the smart information subsystem, and the smart communication subsystem.} For the smart management system, we explore various management objectives, such as improving energy efficiency, profiling demand, maximizing utility, reducing cost, and controlling emission. We also explore various management methods to achieve these objectives. For the smart protection system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the Smart Grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the Smart Grid.

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Smart Grid — The New and Improved Power Grid: A Survey

Smart Grid - The New and Improved Power Grid:

As the power system is facing a transition toward a more intelligent, flexible, and interactive system with higher penetration of renewable energy generation, load forecasting, especially short-term load forecasting for individual electric customers plays an increasingly essential role in the future grid planning and operation. Other than aggregated residential load in a large scale, forecasting an electric load of a single energy user is fairly challenging due to the high volatility and uncertainty involved. In this paper, we propose a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network-based framework, which is the latest and one of the most popular techniques of deep learning, to tackle this tricky issue. The proposed framework is tested on a publicly available set of real residential smart meter data, of which the performance is comprehensively compared to various benchmarks including the state-of-the-arts in the field of load forecasting. As a result, the proposed LSTM approach outperforms the other listed rival algorithms in the task of short-term load forecasting for individual residential households.

Short-Term Residential Load Forecasting Based on LSTM Recurrent Neural Network

Trends in extreme learning machines

Simulation and the monte carlo method

A Combined Model Based on Ssp and Eot for Ultra-Short-Term Wind Speed Prediction

This paper proposes a region-wise dynamic stability assessment scheme to real-time predict stability margin of a power system after given contingencies. The proposed scheme is able to efficiently and strategically conduct simulations to dynamically determine a security region of the system's operating conditions. By means of phasor measurement units (PMUs), the location of the current operating point can be determined within or outside of the security region to predict the system's post-contingency stability margin. The margin information is valuable for system operators to obtain timely awareness of potential instability and take preventive control actions when necessary. The proposed scheme is demonstrated on Tenaga Nasional Berhad system by simulation studies to show its performance.

Predicting post-contingency stability margin using synchrophasors

Big Data is the hotspot of IT Development nowadays. Featured by advanced IM technologies and Analytical Methods, it defines research trends of the future. Power Big data embraces big data concepts and technologies with power industry characteristics, network operations and business performance management, etc. In this paper, we analyses the characteristics, research objects and specific methods of power big data, discusses the problems confronted, and depicts the application of big data technology in the future.

Analysis of Utility Big Data and Its Application

This paper proposes a novel method to assess the compatibility of transnational grid interconnections, including political, social, economic and environmental aspects. Compatibility refers to the degree to which two countries are suitable for grid interconnections. The paper analyzes each influential factor and proposes a set of compatibility indices to quantitively evaluate the compatibility of grid interconnections of multiple countries. A scoring-based method is proposed in this paper for comprehensive compatibility assessment, in which the weighting factors and scoring criteria are developed. The proposed compatibility assessment can effectively identify opportunities, evaluate the feasibility of transnational interconnections between countries and promote accomplishing the vision of Global Energy Interconnections.

Compatibility Assessment of Transnational Grid Interconnections

Renewable Energy Cloud Platform is a renewable energy industrial Internet platform that applies new generation information technologies into renewable energy business. In order to better carry out the development planning of wind power and photovoltaic, this paper proposes “province-city-county” three-level renewable energy consumption computation method based on the renewable energy cloud platform. The proposed method follows the idea of “whole-to-partial”. The provincial-level consumption model considers the constraints of power balance, system reserve capacity, thermal power unit output, thermal power unit climbing, and renewable energy output etc. The city-level consumption model considers the constraints of line capacity and substation capacity. The county-level consumption model considers the constraints of independent installed capacity, short-circuit current, voltage deviation and harmonic. Case study on a practical power grid in China shows that the proposed method can be used for renewable energy planning and provide support for the implementation of national renewable energy quota policy.

Pei Zhang

Papers

A Combined Model Based on Ssp and Eot for Ultra-Short-Term Wind Speed Prediction

Predicting post-contingency stability margin using synchrophasors

Analysis of Utility Big Data and Its Application

Compatibility Assessment of Transnational Grid Interconnections

“Province-City-County” Three-Level Renewable Energy Consumption Computation Methods based on Renewable Energy Cloud Platform