▪ Abstract The thesis of this article is that multilevel interventions based on ecological models and targeting individuals, social environments, physical environments, and policies must be implemented to achieve population change in physical activity. A model is proposed that identifies potential environmental and policy influences on four domains of active living: recreation, transport, occupation, and household. Multilevel research and interventions require multiple disciplines to combine concepts and methods to create new transdisciplinary approaches. The contributions being made by a broad range of disciplines are summarized. Research to date supports a conclusion that there are multiple levels of influence on physical activity, and the active living domains are associated with different environmental variables. Continued research is needed to provide detailed findings that can inform improved designs of communities, transportation systems, and recreation facilities. Collaborations with policy resear...

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102100

An ecological approach to creating active living communities.

The role of urban parks for the sustainable city.

We examined the potential benefits and risks associated with participation in five types of activities: prosocial (church and volunteer activities), team sports, school involvement, performing arts, and academic clubs. Our sample included 1,259 mostly European American adolescents (approximately equal numbers of males and females). First, we explore the link between involvement in these activities and our indicators of positive and negative development. Involvement in prosocial activities was linked to positive educational trajectories and low rates of involvement in risky behaviors. In contrast, participation in team sports was linked to positive educational trajectories and to high rates of involvement in one risky behavior, drinking alcohol. Then, we explore two possible mediators of these associations: peer associations and activity-based identity formation. The evidence supported our hypothesis that group differences in peer associations and activity-based identities help explain activity group diffe...

/pdf/student-council-volunteering-basketball-or-marching-band-8rq8gpxbhd.pdf

Student Council, Volunteering, Basketball, or Marching Band: What Kind of Extracurricular Involvement Matters?

The theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1987) is used to predict leisure intentions and behavior. College students completed a questionnaire that measured involvement, moods, attitudes, subjec...

Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Leisure Choice.

In contrast to the dominant multiattribute commodity view of outdoor recreation settings, wilderness users are described as having emotional and symbolic ties to the setting that are manifested as attachment to the site and the wilderness concept. Data from four wilderness areas show stronger place and wilderness attachment to be associated with previous visits, rural residence, a setting (as opposed to activity or group) focus, visiting alone and on weekdays, hunting in the area, and sensitivity to site impacts and horse encounters. Place attachment is also associated with a lack of nonwilderness substitutes and lower income and education. Wilderness attachment is associated with membership in wilderness and conservation organizations, visits to more wilderness areas, a preference for longer visits, participation in nature study, and sensitivity to sight and sound intrusions and hiker encounters. The importance of understanding emotional and symbolic values of natural resources is discussed in r...

Beyond the commodity metaphor: Examining emotional and symbolic attachment to place

Benefits of leisure.

This study examines assumptions of the concepts which form the basis for experience based setting management of outdoor recreation areas. To test the assumptions a sample of wilderness users was surveyed and divided into experience groups based on differences in the specific experiences they desire. These experience groups were then tested for differences in their activity and setting preferences. The study was conducted at the Bridger Wilderness, the Fitzpatrick Wilderness, and the Popo Agie Primitive Area in Wyoming during 1978–79. Data were collected by questionnaire, and responses were examined by object cluster analysis to group users on the basis of the types of experiences important to them. Results offer support for the concepts tested; three groups with different preferences for experiences were identified and were found to differ on the activities, setting, and management actions they prefer. Directions f or future research are given and recommendations concerning the usefulness of exper...

/pdf/a-test-of-concepts-inherent-in-experience-based-setting-1417l1xusw.pdf

A test of concepts inherent in experience based setting management for outdoor recreation areas.

This paper presents the recreation displacement process from a social-psychological perspective and models it within the attitude-behavior framework. The displacement process is illustrated with em...

/pdf/the-displacement-process-in-recreation-o2nc3lro6f.pdf

The Displacement Process in Recreation

This research focused on defining wilderness recreation experiences in terms of the psychological outcomes sought by the recreational users of the Rawah Wilderness in Colorado. Information on the o...

/pdf/wilderness-recreation-experiences-the-rawah-case-3lnhdqs7vi.pdf

Wilderness Recreation Experiences: The Rawah Case

Using data from Washington State deer hunters, this paper reports on a cluster analytic study of the attributes of the deer hunting experience The data were collected by mail questionnaire from 3,

/pdf/attributes-of-the-deer-hunting-experience-a-cluster-analytic-5265ebu88r.pdf

Perry J. Brown

Papers

Benefits of leisure.

A test of concepts inherent in experience based setting management for outdoor recreation areas.

The Displacement Process in Recreation

Wilderness Recreation Experiences: The Rawah Case

Attributes of the deer hunting experience: a cluster-analytic study.