The demand for wireless mobile communications services is growing at an explosive rate, with the anticipation that communication to a mobile device anywhere on the globe at all times will be available in the near future. An array of antennas mounted on vehicles, ships, aircraft, satellites, and base stations is expected to play an important role in fulfilling the increased demand of channel requirement for these services, as well as for the realization of the dream that a portable communications device the size of a wristwatch be available at an affordable cost for such services. This paper is the first of a two-part study. It provides a comprehensive treatment, at a level appropriate to nonspecialists, of the use of an antenna array to enhance the efficiency of mobile communications systems. It presents an overview of mobile communications as well as details of how an array may be used in various mobile communications systems, including land-mobile, indoor-radio, and satellite-based systems. It discusses advantages of an array of antennas in a mobile communications system, highlights improvements that are possible by using multiple antennas compared to a single antenna in a system, and provides details on the feasibility of antenna arrays for mobile communications applications.

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Applications of antenna arrays to mobile communications. I. Performance improvement, feasibility, and system considerations

Exemplary embodiments are directed to wireless charging and wireless power alignment of wireless power antennas associated with a vehicle. A wireless power charging apparatus includes an antenna including first and second orthogonal magnetic elements for detecting a horizontal component of a magnetic field generated from a second charging base antenna. A processor determines a directional vector between the antennas.

Wireless power antenna alignment adjustment system for vehicles

Exemplary embodiments are directed to bidirectional wireless power transfer using magnetic resonance in a coupling mode region between a charging base (CB) and a battery electric vehicle (BEV). For different configurations, the wireless power transfer can occur from the CB to the BEV and from the BEV to the CB.

Wireless power transmission in electric vehicles

Described herein are power receptacle wireless access point (AP) devices that may be used as part of a networked (smart) living and work space. These power receptacle wireless AP devices may be wall-mounted and/or retrofitted over existing electrical outlets or light switches, for providing wireless access to a room or region of a room. The power receptacle wireless AP device may connect via power line communication to a data connection.

Power receptacle wireless access point devices for networked living and work spaces

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving, by a feed point of a dielectric antenna, electromagnetic waves from a dielectric core coupled to the feed point without an electrical return path, where at least a portion of the dielectric antenna comprises a conductive surface, directing, by the feed point, the electromagnetic waves to a proximal portion of the dielectric antenna, and radiating, via an aperture of the dielectric antenna, a wireless signal responsive to the electromagnetic waves being received at the aperture. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device

A dielectric resonator element array (DRA) antenna system that is small, compact, has high gain in the direction of intended communication, minimized interference in unintended directions of communication and a wide bandwidth. The antenna system comprises a ground plane, a feed structure, a beam shaping and steering controller, a mounting apparatus, an array of dielectric resonator elements and a radome that is close to or in contact with the array. The mounting apparatus preferably is configured so as not to appreciably increase the size of the system when mounted. The controller receives and processes information relating to one or more of object latitude, longitude, attitude, direction of travel, intended direction of communication and unintended directions of communication. The controller processes this information and determines excitation phase for the array elements.

Dielectric-resonator array antenna system

An antenna assembly comprising a radiating element which passively receives a signal fed by a vertically-stacked pair of asymmetrically-shaped, conductive cone elements mounted below the radiating element. The cone elements are centrally fed by a coaxial cable input at a common junction formed the apex of each cone element. This antenna assembly provides a low-profile antenna to transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) energy with high gain and desirable antenna patterns for data transmission in an in-building, wireless local area network. The antenna assembly can be mounted in a standard ceiling or wall-mounted enclosure, with the low-profile antenna extending beneath the surface of a conductive enclosure cover that serves as the ground plane for the antenna element. This configuration achieves high antenna gain with a downtilt-beam, omnidirectional radiation pattern, which is highly desirable in an in-building wireless local area network (WLAN) application.

Omnidirectional antenna utilizing an asymmetrical bicone as a passive feed for a radiating element

For dual-band dual-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications a compact low-profile design is investigated. The operating frequencies are in the L and C-bands, centered about 1.275 and 5.3 GHz, respectively. Since the C-band frequency is larger by a factor of four, its array elements and inter-element separations are smaller by the same ratio. Thus, to allow similar scan ranges for both bands, the L-band elements are selected as perforated patches to enable the placement of C-band elements within them. Stacked-patch configurations were used to meet the bandwidth requirements, especially in the L-band. The C-band element was designed numerically, but the perforated L-band one required final experimental optimization. Also, in the latter case of L-band, a balanced transmission line feed was used to minimize cross polarization. For the C-band elements, slot coupling was used and, to simplify the feed, symmetric parasitic slots were incorporated to minimize cross polarization. No vertical connections were utilized, and electromagnetic couplings resulted in a compact low-profile design, with an electrically and thermally symmetric geometry.

Dual-band dual-polarized perforated microstrip antennas for SAR applications

A helical antenna comprised of a helical conductor having one end adapted to be connected to a feedline, a conductive surface contained within but spaced from the helical conductor, the distance of the conductive surface from the helical conductor being predetermined so as to vary the radiation loss from the helical conductor during electromagnetic emission therefrom.

Helical microstrip antenna with impedance taper

This invention relates to a radiating element, such as a microstrip antenna, having a low input impedance and being capable of allowing high RF power to be supplied to the radiating element. The radiating element incorporates impedance transformation capabilities by providing a dielectric member with an electrically conductive ground plane formed on one side of the dielectric member. A metal patch element is formed on the other side of the dielectric member and spaced from the ground plane by the dielectric member. The patch element is capable of radiating RF energy when coupled to a source of RF input energy applied thereto. An impedance transforming section is selectively located within the perimeter of the patch element to give a desired input impedance at a feedpoint of the impedance transformation section.

Peter C. Strickland

Papers

Dielectric-resonator array antenna system

Omnidirectional antenna utilizing an asymmetrical bicone as a passive feed for a radiating element

Dual-band dual-polarized perforated microstrip antennas for SAR applications

Helical microstrip antenna with impedance taper

Radiating element incorporating impedance transformation capabilities