This article explores theoretical and applied questions that are relevant to social scientists' efforts to understand and confront sexual stigma. A framework is presented for conceptualizing such stigma as a cultural phenomenon with structural and individual manifestations. The latter include enacted stigma and felt stigma, as well as internalized stigma, which encompasses self-stigma among sexual minorities and sexual prejudice among heterosexuals. Insights suggested by the model for reducing sexual prejudice are discussed. At the structural level, the framework highlights processes whereby heterosexism legitimates and perpetuates sexual stigma and the power differentials that it creates. Social and behavioral scientists, roles in working to eliminate heterosexism are discussed, and psychologists' contributions to court cases challenging state sodomy laws are described. It is argued that confronting sexual stigma will not only address an important social problem but will also enrich scientific understanding of human behavior.

Confronting Sexual Stigma and Prejudice: Theory and Practice

This volume presents a network of social power, indicating that theories inspired by C.Wright Mills are far more accurate views about power in America than those of Mills's opponents.Dr. Domhoff shows how and why coalitions within the power elite have involved themselves in such policy issues as the Social Security Act (1935) and the Employment Act (1946), and how the National Labor Relations Act (1935) could pass against the opposition of every major corporation. The book descri bes how experts worked closely with the power elite in shaping the plansfor a post-World War II world economic order, in good part realized during the past 30 years. Arguments are advanced that the fat cats who support the Democrats cannot be understood in terms of narrow self-interest, and that moderate conservatives dominated policy-making under Reagan.

The power elite and the state

Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Time Line The Defining Moment Hypothesis: The Editors' Introduction Michael D. Bordo, Claudia Goldin, Eugene N. White. I: The Birth of Activist Macroeconomic Policy 1: Was the Great Depression a Watershed for American Monetary Policy? Charles W. Calomiris, David C. Wheelock. 2: Fiscal Policy in the Shadow of the Great Depression J. Bradford De Long 3: The Legacy of Deposit Insurance: The Growth, Spread, and Cost of Insuring Financial Intermediaries Eugene N. White II: Expanding Government 4: By Way of Analogy: The Expansion of the Federal Government in the 1930s Hugh Rockoff 5: The Impact of the New Deal on American Federalism John Joseph Wallis, Wallace E. Oates. 6: The Great Depression and the Regulating State: Federal Government Regulation of Agriculture, 1884-1970 Gary D. Libecap III: Insuring Households and Workers 7: A Distinctive System: Origins and Impact of U.S. Unemployment Compensation Katherine Baicker, Claudia Goldin, Lawrence F. Katz. 8: Spurts in Union Growth: Defining Moments and Social Processes Richard B. Freeman 9: The Genesis and Evolution of Social Security Jeffrey A. Miron, David N. Weil. IV: International Perspectives 10: From Smoot-Hawley to Reciprocal Trade Agreements: Changing the Course of U.S. Trade Policy in the 1930s Douglas A. Irwin 11: The Great Depression as a Watershed: International Capital Mobility over the Long Run Maurice Obstfeld, Alan M. Taylor. 12: Implications of the Great Depression for the Development of the International Monetary System Michael D. Bordo, Barry Eichengreen. Contributors Name Index Subject Index

The Defining Moment: The Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth Century

Many Students of Color have encountered cultural disrespect within their K-12 education in regards to their names. While the racial undertones to the mispronouncing of names in schools are often understated, when analyzed within a context of historical and current day racism, the authors argue that these incidents are racial microagressions – subtle daily insults that, as a form of racism, support a racial and cultural hierarchy of minority inferiority. Furthermore, enduring these subtle experiences with racism can have a lasting impact on the self-perceptions and worldviews of a child. Using a Critical Race Theory (CRT) framework and qualitative data, this study was designed to explore the racial microaggressions and internalized racial microaggressions of Students of Color in K-12 settings in regards to their names. Black, Latina/o Asian American, Pacific Islander and mixed race participants were solicited through various education electronic mail lists, and data was collected through short answer quest...

https://www.sjsu.edu/people/marcos.pizarro/courses/185/s1/Names.pdf

Teachers, please learn our names!: racial microagressions and the K-12 classroom

In this article we explore the dynamic interplay between racism and ableismFor discrimination against someone based on perceived ‘‘ability’’ 1 Fin the resistance to school desegregation and inclusion of students with disabilities in general education. In attending to the workings of power that connect these two histories, we show how racialized notions of ability functioned to uphold segregated schooling and justify the use of special education as a tool of racial resegregation. Moreover, we locate the current problem of overrepresentation of Black 2 students (and other students of color) in segregated special education classrooms to the connected discourses of segregation and exclusion. Recent efforts to challenge exclusionary practices in special education through the increased ‘‘inclusion’’ of students with disabilities in regular classrooms have resulted in resistance similar to that expressed in response to school desegregation shortly after Brown. In this article we first provide an overview of the complicated and intertwined histories of school desegregation and special education. Then, in the discursive context of a sample of very diverse newspapers, we examine how editors, readers and contributors responded to both court-ordered desegregation in the 1950s and then special education inclusion in the 1980s and 1990s by calling for delays and gradual compliance. We argue that gradualism has functioned to maintain, rather than disrupt, the status quo of racially segregated schooling both within and across schools. Finally, we argue that race and disability should be understood primarily as interactive social constructs and not distinct biological markers.

/pdf/tools-of-exclusion-race-disability-and-re-segregated-4gzmfjac0s.pdf

Tools of Exclusion: Race, Disability, and (Re)segregated Education

Preface: "Where Are the Buttonwood Kids?" Chapter 1: "Cut Yer Thumb er Finger Off" Chapter 2: "Forcibly Ejected from Said Coach" Chapter 3: "We Got a Good Bunch of Nigras Here" Chapter 4: "Give Me the Colored Doll" Chapter 5: "We Are Tired of Tar Paper Shacks" Chapter 6: "I Thanked God Right There and Then" Chapter 7: "Study Hard and Accept the Status Quo" Chapter 8: "We Only Took a Little Liberty" Chapter 9: "We Cannot Turn the Clock Back" Chapter 10: "War Against the Constitution" Chapter 11: "Too Much Deliberation and Not Enough Speed" Chapter 12: "Do Two Wrongs Make a Right?" Chapter 13: "Two Cities - One White, the Other Black" Chapter 14: "Too Swift and Too Soon" Chapter 15: "Doing the White Man's Thing" Chapter 16: "The Court's Ruling Remains Unfulfilled" Conclusion: "The Goal Is Quality Education" Suggested Readings and Chapter Sources Index

Jim Crow's Children: The Broken Promise of the Brown Decision

The New Deal Lawyers

From the perspective of young lawyers in three key New Deal agencies, this book traces the path of crucial constitutional test cases during the years from 1933 to 1937.From the perspective of young lawyers in three key New Deal agencies, this book traces the path of crucial constitutional test cases during the years from 1933 to 1937.

Justice at War: The Story of the Japanese American Internment Cases

Justice at War irrevocably alters the reader's perception of one of the most disturbing events in U.S. history--the internment during World War II of American citizens of Japanese descent. Peter Irons' exhaustive research has uncovered a government campaign of suppression, alteration, and destruction of crucial evidence that could have persuaded the Supreme Court to strike down the internment order. Irons documents the debates that took place before the internment order and the legal response during and after the internment.

Peter H. Irons

Papers

Jim Crow's Children: The Broken Promise of the Brown Decision

The New Deal Lawyers

The New Deal Lawyers

Justice at War: The Story of the Japanese American Internment Cases

Justice at war