Showing papers by "Phil Taylor published in 2019"

Review on the optimal placement, sizing and control of an energy storage system in the distribution network

Abstract: Energy storage system (ESS) has developed as an important element in enhancing the performance of the power system especially after the involvement of renewable energy based generation in the system. However, there are a few challenges to employ ESS in distribution network, one of which is to ensure the best location and capacity so as to take the full advantage of installing ESS in the grid. In this paper, an extensive literature review on optimal allocation and control of ESS is performed. Besides, different technologies and the benefits of the ESS are discussed. Some case studies of ESS application in different part of the world are also presented. Finally, this paper emphasizes the future improvement of ESS control and performance to solve more complicated problems originated from the participation of renewable energy generation in the power system.

Optimal placement and sizing of battery energy storage system for losses reduction using whale optimization algorithm

Abstract: This paper proposes an approach for optimal placement and sizing of battery energy storage system (BESS) to reduce the power losses in the distribution grid. A meta-heuristic optimization algorithm known as Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is introduced to perform the optimization. In this paper, two different approaches are presented to achieve the optimal allocation of the BESS. The first approach is to obtain the optimal location and sizing in two steps while the second approach optimizes both location and sizing simultaneously. The performance of the proposed technique has been validated by comparing with two other algorithms namely firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization. The results show that WOA has outstanding performance in attaining the optimal location and sizing of BESS in the distribution network for power losses reduction.

Using Self-Organizing Architectures to Mitigate the Impacts of Denial-of-Service Attacks on Voltage Control Schemes

Abstract: Modern power systems are becoming increasingly decentralized, with a greater degree of observability provided through a network of sensors and local controllers in addition to existing centralized supervisory control and data acquisition platforms. However, the interconnectivity between sensors and controllers creates potential vulnerabilities which can be exploited by a cyber-attack. The majority of components installed on the grid were designed with little or no consideration for aspects of cyber-security and therefore leaving the network at risk of economic loss, asset damage or widespread blackouts. Present research in cyber-attack events and electrical grid resilience, often treats these in isolation. Furthermore, the ICT infrastructure in modern electrical networks is not tested as rigorously in terms of reliability and security as the physical assets. Therefore, an integrated approach is needed for the analysis of cyber-threats against power systems, linking the attack mechanisms in the ICT layer and the physical impacts at the electrical layer. This paper introduces a method of self-organizing communication architectures that for the first time has been applied to the problem of mitigating the negative impacts of denial of service cyber-attacks in the smart grid and demonstrates the benefits of this in a novel integrated environment connecting power system modeling and communication layer simulation. This paper demonstrates and quantifies the advantages of self-organization in terms of computational burden and voltage control in a distribution network experiencing multiple attack formats and increasing numbers of attackers.

Co-optimising distribution network adequacy and security by simultaneous utilisation of network reconfiguration and distributed energy resources

Abstract: With the evolution of smart grids, penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the distribution networks has become ever-increasing problem. To improve network reliability, the complexity of the two important aspects of adequacy and security must be well assessed. There is a trade-off between adequacy of DERs, and the distribution network security, i.e. improving the adequacy can reduce the security. In this study, enhancement of the distribution network adequacy and security is proposed. In this regard, capacity of simultaneous reconfiguration and DERs sizing are utilised to improve the adequacy and security of an active distribution network. In the reconfiguration process, graph theory concept is adopted to implement a fast reconfiguration method. Since DERs are active, a combined bus and line security index is used to overcome security concerns of their existence. The IEEE 33-bus distribution network as a widely used standard test system in reconfiguration studies, and a practical 83-bus distribution network of Taiwan Power Company (TPC) which is a part of a real distribution network, are used to test the performance of the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed framework.

Modelling of a virtual power plant using hybrid automata

Abstract: Virtual power plant (VPP) is a hybrid power system with a mesh of distributed resources, local loads and storage with both discrete and continuous variables involved. Control of such system requires advanced control schemes to make distributed assets act together to mimic an actual power plant. Previously, to study the behaviour of such systems, complex algorithms and modelling tools have been used but this paper proposes the use of Hybrid Automata (HA) as a convenient tool to model these systems. To demonstrate this, HA is used to model a VPP for a research farm owned by Newcastle University as a first step to design the control for the system.

Coordinated Storage and Flexible Loads as a Network Service Provider: a Resilience-Oriented Paradigm

Abstract: A resilience-oriented operation multi-time scale scheduling is proposed in this paper that deploys a coordinated storage and flexible loads (CSFLs) structure to act as a network service provider (NSP). The proposed proactive operation strategy can deal not only with intermittent wind generations in hourly operation but also with load supplying resilience for the sub-hourly variations. The energy storage systems (ESSs) can retain the state of charge (SoC) during the sub-hourly fine-tuning periods to supply critical loads for predefined time intervals. In this regard, by integrating the so-called NSPs into a stochastic unit commitment model, the advent-ages of ESSs and flexible loads (FLs) are taken to enrich the short-term scheduling for the different time resolutions. The proposed model is tested by the IEEE RTS-24 standard network. The results show that NSPs can successfully participate in providing coordinated ancillary services in different time-scales, and concurrently by support of FLs, the ESSs proactive role is also retained. The usage of CSFLs reduces the curtailment of wind energy, while they provide a large portion of reserves for the possible fluctuations.