Gasification: Theory and application

Climate warming benefits alpine vegetation growth in Three-River Headwater Region, China.

Precise simulations of hydrological processes under the influence of climate change and human activities have special significance in arid basins. During the past 60 years, the annual average temperature and precipitation at the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains have increased at the rates of 0.035 C/year and 0.881 mm/year, respectively. Rising temperatures will change the temporal and spatial distributions and forms of precipitation, accelerate glacier retreat, melt snow on high mountains, cause the degeneration of frozen soil, and change the runoff composition in the Tianshan area. In this work, the CMADS (China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Dataset for the SWAT model) was combined with the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model to simulate runoff in the upper reaches of the Jing River and Bo River Basins in the Tianshan area. The results were as follows. (1) On the monthly scale, the average Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficients of the calibration period in the Wenquan and Jinghe–Shankou hydrological stations were 0.79 and 0.87, respectively, and the NSE coefficients of validation period were 0.71 and 0.82, respectively. On the daily scale, the NSE coefficients of the two hydrological stations were between 0.69 and 0.77. The simulation results were considered to be ideal on the monthly and daily scales. (2) Under different climate scenarios and land-use patterns, the cultivated land in the basin leads to the reduction of runoff, and the grassland and woodland stabilise the river flood season. Lakes and wetlands, which can reduce the flow in the flood season and provide water for rivers in the dry season, are very important for runoff regulation. Compared with the traditional meteorological stations, CMADS demonstrates good representativeness and reliability in the Jinghe River and Bohe River Basins under different climate and land-use scenarios, greatly improving the runoff simulation ability.

Application of SWAT model with CMADS data for hydrological simulation in western China

Abstract. The major droughts and floods in the Hanjiang River
Basin, central China, have a significant impact on flood prevention and
control in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and water resources
management in the areas of the South–North Water Diversion Middle Line
Project. However, there is a lack of understanding of the multi-decadal to
centennial-scale patterns of extreme droughts and floods in the area.
Applying the yearly drought and flood records from historical documents and
precipitation data in the period of instrumental measurements, this study
constructs a time series of extreme droughts and floods in the Hanjiang
River Basin from 1426–2017 and analyzes the temporal and spatial
characteristics of the extreme drought and flood event variations. The results
show that there were a total of 45 extreme droughts and 52 extreme floods in the
basin over the past 592 years. Extreme droughts and floods were highly
variable on a multi-decadal to centennial scale, and the frequencies were
higher in the first and last 100 years or so of the study period and
lower in between. Spatially, the frequencies of extreme droughts and floods
were generally higher in the middle and lower reaches than in the upper
reaches. It was also found that there is a good correlation of drought and
flood frequencies between the upper Hanjiang River Basin and North China.
These results are informative for the study of mechanisms and predictability
of multi-decadal to centennial-scale variability of extreme hydroclimatic
events in the river basin.


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Extreme historical droughts and floods in the Hanjiang River Basin, China, since 1426

Tourism value chains is scattered across the economic fields. This paper seeks to carry out an empirical analysis of the relationship between climate change and tourism development in China. We used relevant data from 31 provinces in China, and analyzed the spatial effects of climate change on tourism development using a spatial Durbin model. In the development of tourism in Chinese provinces, the research results show that the high-high agglomeration areas of inbound overnight tourists are widely distributed in the coastal areas of eastern China, while the low-low agglomeration areas are mainly distributed in western China, showing an unreasonable bipolar distribution. In terms of climate change, the increase of annual precipitation contributes to the enhancement of the number of inbound overnight tourists in local areas, but reduces the number of inbound overnight tourists in adjacent areas; the increase of annual average temperature raises the number of inbound overnight tourists in local areas, but decreases the number of inbound overnight tourists in adjacent areas; which indicates that there is a spatial spillover effect of climate change on tourism development. Therefore, we propose that western China should receive further policy support, the positive spatial spillover effect of the number of inbound overnight visitors among provinces should be fully utilized, and the tourist attractions should be enriched and developed. However, there are some limitations in the construction of the spatial weight matrix, the consideration of sample size, and the selection of factors affecting tourism development.

Philip C. White

Papers

Fossil energy research and development in ERDA