Philip H.-S. Jen

TL;DR: A disproportionately large part of the auditory cortex of this bat is occupied by neurons processing the predominant components in the orientation signal and Doppler-shifted echoes, comparable to that in the somatosensory and visual systems in many mammals, but it has not previously been observed in the auditory system.

TL;DR: Pteronotus parnellii uses the second harmonic of the CF component in its orientation sounds for Doppler-shift compensation and its inner ear is mechanically specialized for fine analysis of sounds at about 61-62 kHz, which exhibits prominent transients, slow increase and decrease in amplitude at the onset and cessation of these stimuli.

TL;DR: Since this animal predominantly uses a 61 kHz sound for echolocation and peripheral auditory neurones show a low threshold and extremely sharp tuning at about 61 kHz, its peripheral auditory system is specialized for the reception and fine-frequency analysis of the principle component of orientation sounds and echoes.

TL;DR: The acoustic middle-ear-muscle reflex could perfectly and transiently regulate the amplitude of an incoming signal only at its beginning, but its shortest latency in terms of electromyograms and of the attenuation of the cochlear microphonic was 3-4 and 4-8 msec, respectively, so that these muscles failed to attenuate orientation signals by the reflex.

TL;DR: Encoding of temporal stimulus parameters by inferior collicular (IC) neurons of Eptesicus fuscus was studied by recording their responses to a wide range of repetition rates (RRs) and durations at several stimulus intensities under free field stimulus conditions, suggesting that each isofrequency lamina is capable of processing RRs andurations of all hunting phases.