Showing papers by "Philip T. Hoffman published in 2004"

Revolution et evolution. Les marches du credit notarie en France, 1780-1840

Abstract: Cet article cherche a comprendre comment se creent (ou se detruisent) les techniques de savoir des marches du credit ainsi que les institutions auxquelles s'adosse ce capital social essentiel a leur fonctionnement. Il examine soixante-sept marches locaux repartis dans toute la France en saisissant leur evolution a partir de trois coupes situees de part et d'autre de ce choc majeur qu'est la Revolution pour pouvoir en suivre les effets. Le credit se reorganise alors non dans le cadre de petites regions ni dans un espace national unifie, mais plutot en deux grands ensembles - l'un au Nord, l'autre au Sud - ou des pratiques du credit distinctes evoluent separement. Comme chacun d'eux, loin d'etre homogene, se hierarchise entre ville et campagnes, il en resulte quatre systemes qui se reperent aussi bien si l'on observe les instruments de credit, les intermediaires ou les circuits de formation que ces derniers se donnent. Pour expliquer cette diversite, il faut accepter que les institutions formelles et informelles se deploient dans l'espace d'une facon qui depend de l'activite des marches mais aussi de l'inegale repartition de la richesse. This article seeks to explain how the information technology that is essential for the operation of credit markets is created or destroyed. Information technology of this sort is a form of social capital, and the article also seeks to understand how institutions linked to such social capital arise or disappear. It does so by looking at 67 different credit markets scattered throughout France and examining their evolution both before and after the French Revolution. The aim is to follow the consequences of the great changes that the Revolution brought about. It turns out that the institutions of credit markets were not uniformed across France, but they were not peculiar to each local market either. Rather, there were two distinct institutional patterns - one found in Northern France and the other typical of the South - and in each region the institutions of credit markets evolved in a different way. Institutions were also different in the city and in the countryside, and as a result there were really four distinct systems of credit, each with distinctive types of loans and financial intermediaries, who were trained in dissimilar ways. The existence of such differences implies that institutions depended on the volume of lending in each market and also on the level of inequality.

Révolution et évolution

Abstract: Cet article cherche a comprendre comment se creent (ou se detruisent) les techniques de savoir des marches du credit ainsi que les institutions auxquelles s’adosse ce capital social essentiel a leur fonctionnement. Il examine soixante-sept marches locaux repartis dans toute la France en saisissant leur evolution a partir de trois coupes situees de part et d’autre de ce choc majeur qu’est la Revolution pour pouvoir en suivre les effets. Le credit se reorganise alors non dans le cadre de petites regions ni dans un espace national unifie, mais plutot en deux grands ensembles – l’un au Nord, l’autre au Sud – ou des pratiques du credit distinctes evoluent separement. Comme chacun d’eux, loin d’etre homogene, se hierarchise entre ville et campagnes, il en resulte quatre systemes qui se reperent aussi bien si l’on observe les instruments de credit, les intermediaires ou les circuits de formation que ces derniers se donnent. Pour expliquer cette diversite, il faut accepter que les institutions formelles et informelles se deploient dans l’espace d’une facon qui depend de l’activite des marches mais aussi de l’inegale repartition de la richesse.

Revolution and Evolution

Abstract: This article seeks to explain how the information technology that is essential for the operation of credit markets is created or destroyed. Information technology of this sort is a form of social capital, and the article also seeks to understand how institutions linked to such social capital arise or disappear. It does so by looking at 67 different credit markets scattered throughout France and examining their evolution both before and after the French Revolution. The aim is to follow the consequences of the great changes that the Revolution brought about. It turns out that the institutions of credit markets were not uniformed across France, but they were not peculiar to each local market either. Rather, there were two distinct institutional patterns – one found in Northern France and the other typical of the South – and in each region the institutions of credit markets evolved in a different way. Institutions were also different in the city and in the countryside, and as a result there were really four distinct systems of credit, each with distinctive types of loans and financial intermediaries, who were trained in dissimilar ways. The existence of such differences implies that institutions depended on the volume of lending in each market and also on the level of inequality.