The theory of affordances

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

/pdf/a-break-in-the-clouds-towards-a-cloud-definition-svovsw1r5a.pdf

A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud Definition

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The Senses Considered As Perceptual Systems

Black-box web application vulnerability scanners are automated tools that probe web applications for security vulnerabilities In order to assess the current state of the art, we obtained access to eight leading tools and carried out a study of: (i) the class of vulnerabilities tested by these scanners, (ii) their effectiveness against target vulnerabilities, and (iii) the relevance of the target vulnerabilities to vulnerabilities found in the wild To conduct our study we used a custom web application vulnerable to known and projected vulnerabilities, and previous versions of widely used web applications containing known vulnerabilities Our results show the promise and effectiveness of automated tools, as a group, and also some limitations In particular, "stored" forms of Cross Site Scripting (XSS) and SQL Injection (SQLI) vulnerabilities are not currently found by many tools Because our goal is to assess the potential of future research, not to evaluate specific vendors, we do not report comparative data or make any recommendations about purchase of specific tools

/pdf/state-of-the-art-automated-black-box-web-application-2o7akal2al.pdf

State of the art automated black-box web application vulnerability testing

Model-based security testing relies on models to test whether a software system meets its security requirements. It is an active research field of high relevance for industrial applications, with many approaches and notable results published in recent years. This article provides a taxonomy for model-based security testing approaches. It comprises filter criteria i.e.i¾?model of system security, security model of the environment and explicit test selection criteria as well as evidence criteria i.e.i¾?maturity of evaluated system, evidence measures and evidence level. The taxonomy is based on a comprehensive analysis of existing classification schemes for model-based testing and security testing. To demonstrate its adequacy, 119 publications on model-based security testing are systematically extracted from the five most relevant digital libraries by three researchers and classified according to the defined filter and evidence criteria. On the basis of the classified publications, the article provides an overview of the state of the art in model-based security testing and discusses promising research directions with regard to security properties, coverage criteria and the feasibility and return on investment of model-based security testing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

https://qe-informatik.uibk.ac.at/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Felderer_et_al-2015-Software_Testing_Verification_and_Reliability.pdf

Model-based security testing: a taxonomy and systematic classification

J. J. Gibson’s concept of affordance, one of the central pillars of ecological psychology, is a truly remarkable idea that provides a concise theory of animal perception predicated on environmental...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1059712317726357

Computational models of affordance in robotics: a taxonomy and systematic classification:

Assuring the security of a software system in terms of testing nowadays still is a quite tricky task to conduct. Security requirements are taken as a foundation to derive tests to be executed against a system under test. Yet, these positive requirements by far do not cover all the relevant security aspects to be considered. Hence, especially in the event of security testing, negative requirements, derived from risk analysis, are vital to be incorporated. If considering today's emerging trend in the adoption of cloud computing, security testing even has a more important significance. Due to a cloud's openness, in theory there exists an infinite number of tests. Hence, a concise technique to incorporate the results of risk analysis in security testing is inevitable. We therefore propose a new model-driven methodology for the security testing of cloud environments, ingesting misuse cases, defined by negative requirements derived from risk analysis.

Risk-Based Security Testing in Cloud Computing Environments

Security testing defines tests for security requirements of software. Security requirements are non-functional, and thus require a different way of testing compared to functional requirements. Model-based testing applies model-based design for modeling test artifacts or the automation of test activities. Although model-based testing techniques improve security testing, these two testing activities have rarely been combined systematically. Like functional system models improve functional testing, risk models can improve security testing. This paper first gives an overview of existing security testing approaches, and based on that, develops a novel classification for modelbased security tests along the two dimensions risk and automated test generation. The classification allows for understanding which areas of model-based security testing are already well-covered by research and practice, and furthermore, can serve as a guideline for deciding which testing approach fits specific circumstances. Based on the classification, we identify tasks for interesting future research. Keywords-Secure Systems, Verification and Testing, Security Testing, Model-based Testing

/pdf/a-classification-for-model-based-security-testing-e94qolhfd6.pdf

A Classification for Model-Based Security Testing

In recent years Cloud computing became one of the most aggressively emerging computer paradigms resulting in a growing rate of application in the area of IT outsourcing. However, as recent studies have shown, security most of the time is the one requirement, neglected at all. Yet, especially because of the nature of usage of Cloud computing, security is inevitable. Unfortunately, assuring the security of a Cloud computing environment is not a one time task, it is a task to be performed during the complete lifespan of the Cloud. This is motivated by the fact that Clouds undergo daily changes in terms of newly deployed applications and offered services. Based on this assumption, in this paper, we propose a novel model -- based, change -- driven approach, employing risk analysis, to test the security of a Cloud computing environment among all layers. As a main intrusion point, our approach exploits the public service interfaces, as they are a major source of newly introduced vulnerabilities, possibly leading to severe security incidents.

Philipp Zech

Papers

Model-based security testing: a taxonomy and systematic classification

Computational models of affordance in robotics: a taxonomy and systematic classification:

Risk-Based Security Testing in Cloud Computing Environments

A Classification for Model-Based Security Testing

Towards a Model Based Security Testing Approach of Cloud Computing Environments