Although not commonly used, correlation filters can track complex objects through rotations, occlusions and other distractions at over 20 times the rate of current state-of-the-art techniques. The oldest and simplest correlation filters use simple templates and generally fail when applied to tracking. More modern approaches such as ASEF and UMACE perform better, but their training needs are poorly suited to tracking. Visual tracking requires robust filters to be trained from a single frame and dynamically adapted as the appearance of the target object changes. This paper presents a new type of correlation filter, a Minimum Output Sum of Squared Error (MOSSE) filter, which produces stable correlation filters when initialized using a single frame. A tracker based upon MOSSE filters is robust to variations in lighting, scale, pose, and nonrigid deformations while operating at 669 frames per second. Occlusion is detected based upon the peak-to-sidelobe ratio, which enables the tracker to pause and resume where it left off when the object reappears.

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Visual object tracking using adaptive correlation filters

Digital watermarking is a key ingredient to copyright protection. It provides a solution to illegal copying of digital material and has many other useful applications such as broadcast monitoring and the recording of electronic transactions. Now, for the first time, there is a book that focuses exclusively on this exciting technology. Digital Watermarking covers the crucial research findings in the field: it explains the principles underlying digital watermarking technologies, describes the requirements that have given rise to them, and discusses the diverse ends to which these technologies are being applied. As a result, additional groundwork is laid for future developments in this field, helping the reader understand and anticipate new approaches and applications.

Digital Watermarking

An intelligent electronic appliance preferably includes a user interface, data input and/or output port, and an intelligent processor. A preferred embodiment comprises a set top box for interacting with broadband media streams, with an adaptive user interface, content-based media processing and/or media metadata processing, and telecommunications integration. An adaptive user interface models the user, by observation, feedback, and/or explicit input, and presents a user interface and/or executes functions based on the user model. A content-based media processing system analyzes media content, for example audio and video, to understand the content, for example to generate content-descriptive metadata. A media metadata processing system operates on locally or remotely generated metadata to process the media in accordance with the metadata, which may be, for example, an electronic program guide, MPEG 7 data, and/or automatically generated format. A set top box preferably includes digital trick play effects, and incorporated digital rights management features.

Intelligent electronic appliance system and method

An adaptive interface for a programmable system, for predicting a desired user function, based on user history, as well as machine internal status and context. The apparatus receives an input from the user and other data. A predicted input is presented for confirmation by the user, and the predictive mechanism is updated based on this feedback. Also provided is a pattern recognition system for a multimedia device, wherein a user input is matched to a video stream on a conceptual basis, allowing inexact programming of a multimedia device. The system analyzes a data stream for correspondence with a data pattern for processing and storage. The data stream is subjected to adaptive pattern recognition to extract features of interest to provide a highly compressed representation which may be efficiently processed to determine correspondence. Applications of the interface and system include a VCR, medical device, vehicle control system, audio device, environmental control system, securities trading terminal, and smart house. The system optionally includes an actuator for effecting the environment of operation, allowing closed-loop feedback operation and automated learning.

Ergonomic man-machine interface incorporating adaptive pattern recognition based control system

(b) Write out the equations for the time dependence of ρ11, ρ22, ρ12 and ρ21 assuming that a light field interaction V = -μ12Ee iωt + c.c. couples only levels |1> and |2>, and that the excited levels exhibit spontaneous decay. (8 marks) (c) Under steady-state conditions, find the ratio of populations in states |2> and |3>. (3 marks) (d) Find the slowly varying amplitude ̃ ρ 12 of the polarization ρ12 = ̃ ρ 12e iωt . (6 marks) (e) In the limiting case that no decay is possible from intermediate level |3>, what is the ground state population ρ11(∞)? (2 marks) 2. (15 marks total) In a 2-level atom system subjected to a strong field, dressed states are created in the form |D1(n)> = sin θ |1,n> + cos θ |2,n-1> |D2(n)> = cos θ |1,n> sin θ |2,n-1>

The Quantum Theory of Light

The system provides continuous control of the polarisation in an electro-optical assembly which comprises active components cascaded on the same optical path. The system provides non-stop control of the polarisation in an electro-optical assembly, including active components cascaded on the same optical path. A control device applies set of control voltages on the active components such that a linear transformation (Tf(t)) of the incident polarisation state is broken down on the components, so as to impose a trajectory on the Poincare sphere which passes through one of the poles. Preferably, by expressing the linear transformation as a rotation with axis (u) and angle (theta) on the Poincare sphere, the breakdown results in two reverse rotations, with axis (h) and angle beta and -beta respectively. Thus these have common axis but are symmetrical in order to bring the axis of rotation (u) of the transformation on to the polar axis (vz) of the sphere and inversely, and provide a rotation of angle (theta) about the pole.

Optical polarisation control system includes linear transformation system to enable monitoring and control of optical polarisation in cascaded components

We propose a general statistical image segmentation method which does not need any a priori knowledge of the probability density functions (PDF) of the grey levels of the image. This method is based on the minimization of the stochastic complexity (Minimum Description Length principle) which leads to optimize a criterion without parameter to be tuned by the user which is adapted to the PDF of the grey levels of the image. We apply this method to three partition descriptors: a polygonal active contour, a level set implementation and a polygonal active grid. We illustrate the technique on real images.

Stochastic Complexity based Image Segmentation with unknown Noise Model

The invention concerns a system for non-stop control of polarization in an electro-optical assembly including active components cascaded on the same optical path and a control device for applying sets of control voltages on the active components such that a linear transformation Tf(t) of the incident polarization state is broken down on said components so as to impose a trajectory on the Poincare sphere which passes through one of the poles. Preferably, by expression the linear transformation as a rotation with axis u and angle θ on the Poincare sphere, said breakdown results in two reverse rotations, with axis h and β and -β angle respectively, that is of common axis but symmetrical to bring the axis of rotation u of the transformation on the polar axis vz of the sphere and inversely, and to a rotation of angle θ about the pole.

System for non-stop control of polarization in an optical link

In this paper we compare the performance of linear and nonlinear filters on binary images The maximum-likelihood ratio test (MLRT) processor is optimal for detection We generalize it and use it for location It is thus well suited as an upper reference with which we compare the performance of the other filters We present the maximum likelihood ratio approximation (MLRA) and we compare the MLRA and the nonlinear joint transform correlator (NLJTC) with the MLRT By having a look at the impulse responses of these processors we can explain the similarities in performance We also compare the MLRT with classical linear filters, such as the optimal trade- off (OT) filter and the classical matched filter (CMF) We show that the automatic regularization given by the binary noise makes the CMF perform almost as good as the MLRT The OT filter can be regularized through the choice of the tuning parameter and it also shows almost as good performance as the MLRT© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

Philippe Réfrégier

Papers

Optical polarisation control system includes linear transformation system to enable monitoring and control of optical polarisation in cascaded components

Stochastic Complexity based Image Segmentation with unknown Noise Model

System for non-stop control of polarization in an optical link

Comparative study of filtering techniques for binary nonhomogeneous images