Color Control in π-Conjugated Organic Polymers for Use in Electrochromic Devices

Transparent conductors as solar energy materials: A panoramic review

Conducting polymers in biomedical engineering

Conductive polymers: towards a smart biomaterial for tissue engineering.

3.2. Thienothiophenes 1216 3.2.1. Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene Analogues 1216 3.2.2. Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Analogues 1217 3.2.3. Thieno[2,3-b]thiophene Analogues 1218 3.3. , ′-Bridged Bithiophenes 1219 3.3.1. Dithienothiophene (DTT) Analogues 1220 3.3.2. Dithieno[3,2-b:2′3′-d]thiophene-4,4-dioxides 1221 3.3.3. Dithienosilole (DTS) Analogues 1221 3.3.4. Cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) Analogues 1221 3.3.5. Nitrogen and Phosphor Atom Bridged Bithiophenes 1222

Functional oligothiophenes: molecular design for multidimensional nanoarchitectures and their applications.

The ability to match two complementary polymers constitutes an important step forward in the design of electrochromic devices (ECDs). Here we show that the necessary control over the color, brightness, and environmental stability of an electrochromic window can be achieved through the careful design of anodically coloring polymers. For this purpose, we have constructed ECDs based on dimethyl substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT-Me2) as a cathodically coloring layer, along with poly[3,6-bis(2-ethylenedioxythienyl)-N-methyl-carbazole] (PBEDOT-NMeCz) and N-propane sulfonated poly(3,4-propylenedioxypyrrole) (PProDOP−NPrS) as anodically coloring polymers. Comparison of the results shows that using PProDOP−NPrS as the high band gap polymer has several advantages over the carbazole counterpart. The main benefit is the opening of the transmissivity window throughout the entire visible spectrum by moving the π−π* transition of the neutral anodically coloring material into the ultraviolet region. ...

Enhanced Contrast Dual Polymer Electrochromic Devices

We report a colorimetric method for the in situ study of electrochromic polymers based on the CIE system of colorimetry. This method is useful for the comparison of the electrochemical and optical properties of conjugated polymers, and for gaining control of the color of dual polymer electrochromic devices. Twelve electrochromic polymers were investigated using in situ colorimetric analysis in order to define their CIE coordinates and electrochemical potential windows. By controlling the electron density and steric interactions along conjugated polymer backbones, we have developed a set of electrochromic polymers that provides colors throughout the full range of color space. The applicability of the method is illustrated with a model dual polymer device based on poly(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl(biphenyl)) (PBEDOT-BP) and poly(3,6-bis(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl)-N-methylcarbazole) (PBEDOT-NMeCz). This device yields green/brown colors (L* = 48, a* = 0, b* = 20 and L* = 44, a* = 6, b* = 26) interesting for e...

In situ colorimetric analysis of electrochromic polymers and devices

A series of poly(3,4-alkylenedioxypyrrole)s are reported as a new class of electronically conducting polymers exhibiting especially low oxidation potentials from ca. −0.6 to −0.4 V vs Fc/Fc+ (equivalent to −0.15 to +0.05 V vs SCE) as desired for ambient stability of the doped and conducting states. These polymers exhibit unique combinations of multicolor electrochromism, switching from a red or orange neutral state to a light blue/gray doped state, passing through a darker intermediate state (brown), as examined by in situ colorimetry. High spectral contrast ratios have been measured throughout the visible region with a maximum Δ%T = 76% at 534 nm for poly[3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)pyrrole) (PProDOP−(CH3)2). PProDOP−(CH3)2 exhibits outstanding redox switching stability, being able to undergo 40 000 deep double-potential switches between its doped and neutral states (1 s, Δ%Tmax = 76%) while retaining more than 90% of its electroactivity. A high level of stability to overoxidation has also been obser...

Poly(3,4-alkylenedioxypyrrole)s: Highly Stable Electronically Conducting and Electrochromic Polymers

A series of electrochromic N-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxypyrrole)s (PProDOPs) are reported, which exhibit the combined properties of a high (>3 eV) electronic band gap, colored oxidatively doped forms, and easily accessible, low redox potentials. Utilizing methyl (Me), propyl (Pr), octyl (Oct), propanesulfonated (PrS), and ethoxyethoxyethanol (Gly) pendants, the absorbance of the π−π* transition of the resulting polymers is blue-shifted when compared to the nonderivatized parent. For example, in the case of poly(N-ethoxyethoxyethanol ProDOP) (N-Gly PProDOP), this transition displays a maximum at 306 nm (onset at 365 nm), providing a colorless and highly transparent neutral polymer with a luminous transmittance greater than 99% for a film thickness of about 200 nm. N-Substituted PProDOPs display very well-defined cyclic voltammograms, with E1/2 < −0.1 V vs Fc/Fc+ (+0.2 V vs SCE), negative of the oxidation of water, as desired for materials having stable doped forms and long-lived redox switching pro...

Philippe Schottland

Papers

Enhanced Contrast Dual Polymer Electrochromic Devices

In situ colorimetric analysis of electrochromic polymers and devices

Poly(3,4-alkylenedioxypyrrole)s: Highly Stable Electronically Conducting and Electrochromic Polymers

N-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxypyrrole)s: High gap and low redox potential switching electroactive and electrochromic polymers

Poly(3,4-alkylenedioxypyrrole)s as Highly Stable Aqueous-Compatible Conducting Polymers with Biomedical Implications