다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Rod Borup is a Team Leader in the fuel cell program at Los Alamos National Lab in Los Alamos, New Mexico. He received his B.S.E. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Iowa in 1988 and his Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 1993. He has worked on fuel cell technology since 1994, working in the areas of hydrogen production and PEM fuel cell stack components. He has been awarded 12 U.S. patents, authored over 40 papers related to fuel cell technology, and presented over 50 oral papers at national meetings. His current main research area is related to water transport in PEM fuel cells and PEM fuel cell durability. Recently, he was awarded the 2005 DOE Hydrogen Program R&D Award for the most significant R&D contribution of the year for his team's work in fuel cell durability and was the Principal Investigator for the 2004 Fuel Cell Seminar (San Antonio, TX, USA) Best Poster Award. Jeremy Meyers is an Assistant Professor of materials science and engineering and mechanical engineering at the University of Texas at Austin, where his research focuses on the development of electrochemical energy systems and materials. Prior to joining the faculty at Texas, Jeremy workedmore » as manager of the advanced transportation technology group at UTC Power, where he was responsible for developing new system designs and components for automotive PEM fuel cell power plants. While at UTC Power, Jeremy led several customer development projects and a DOE-sponsored investigation into novel catalysts and membranes for PEM fuel cells. Jeremy has coauthored several papers on key mechanisms of fuel cell degradation and is a co-inventor of several patents. In 2006, Jeremy and several colleagues received the George Mead Medal, UTC's highest award for engineering achievement, and he served as the co-chair of the Gordon Research Conference on fuel cells. Jeremy received his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley and holds a Bachelor's Degree in Chemical Engineering from Stanford University. Bryan Pivovar received his B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin in 1994. He completed his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering at the University of Minnesota in 2000 under the direction of Profs. Ed Cussler and Bill Smyrl, studying transport properties in fuel cell electrolytes. He continued working in the area of polymer electrolyte fuel cells at Los Alamos National Laboratory as a post-doc (2000-2001), as a technical staff member (2001-2005), and in his current position as a team leader (2005-present). In this time, Bryan's research has expanded to include further aspects of fuel cell operation, including electrodes, subfreezing effects, alternative polymers, hydroxide conductors, fuel cell interfaces, impurities, water transport, and high-temperature membranes. Bryan has served at various levels in national and international conferences and workshops, including organizing a DOE sponsored workshop on freezing effects in fuel cells and an ARO sponsored workshop on alkaline membrane fuel cells, and he was co-chair of the 2007 Gordon Research Conference on Fuel Cells. Minoru Inaba is a Professor at the Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Doshisha University, Japan. He received his B.Sc. from the Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, in 1984 and his M.Sc. in 1986 and his Dr. Eng. in 1995 from the Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University. He has worked on electrochemical energy conversion systems including fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries at Kyoto University (1992-2002) and at Doshisha University (2002-present). His primary research interest is the durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), in particular, membrane degradation, and he has been involved in NEDO R&D research projects on PEFC durability since 2001. He has authored over 140 technical papers and 30 review articles. Kenichiro Ota is a Professor of the Chemical Energy Laboratory at the Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Japan. He received his B.S.E. in Applied Chemistry from the University of Tokyo in 1968 and his Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo in 1973. He has worked on hydrogen energy and fuel cells since 1974, working on materials science for fuel cells and water electrolysis. He has published more than 150 original papers, 70 review papers, and 50 scientific books. He is now the president of the Hydrogen Energy Systems Society of Japan, the chairman of the Fuel Cell Research Group of the Electrochemical Society of Japan, and the chairman of the National Committee for the Standardization of the Stationary Fuel Cells. ABSTRACT TRUNCATED« less

Scientific aspects of polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability and degradation.

介绍了Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology（化工技术百科全书）（第五版）电子图书网络版数据库，并对该数据库使用方法和检索途径作出了说明，且结合实例简单地介绍了该数据库的检索方法。

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology数据库介绍及实例

There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

Catalysis for the valorization of exhaust carbon: from CO2 to chemicals, materials, and fuels. technological use of CO2.

This review analyses the literature from the early 1990s until the beginning of 2003 and covers the use of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nanofibers as catalysts and catalysts supports. The article is composed of three sections, the first one explains why these materials can be suitable for these applications, the second describes the different preparation methods for supporting metallic catalysts on these supports, and the last one details the catalytic results obtained with nanotubes or nanofibers based catalysts. When possible, the results were compared to those obtained on classical carbonaceous supports and explanations are proposed to clarify the different behaviors observed.

Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in catalysis

Graphene-based materials for catalysis

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and TiO2 composite catalysts were prepared by a modified sol–gel method. The nanoscaled composite materials were extensively characterized by TG, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM and UV–vis spectra. The photocatalytic degradation of phenol was performed under visible light irradiation on these catalysts. An optimum of synergetic effect on photocatalytic activity was observed for a weight ratio MWNT/TiO2 equal to 20% with an increase in the first-order rate constant by a factor of 4.1. The synergetic effect, induced by a strong interphase interaction between MWNT and TiO2, was discussed in terms of different roles played by MWNT in the composite catalysts.

Visible light photodegradation of phenol on MWNT-TiO2 composite catalysts prepared by a modified sol–gel method

1 Physico-chemical properties of carbon materials: a brief overview (Ljubisa R. Radovic) . 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Formation of Carbons. 1.3 Structure and Properties of Carbons. 1.4 Reactions of Carbons. 1.5 Summary and Conclusions. 1.6 References. 2. Surface chemistry of carbon materials (Teresa J. Bandosz) . 2.1 Introduction . 2.2 Surface functionalities. 2.3 Surface modifications. 2.4 Characterization of surface chemistry. 2.5 Role of surface chemistry in the reactive adsorption on activated carbons. 2.6 Role of carbon surface chemistry in catalysis. 2.7 References. 3. Molecular Simulations applied to adsorption on and reaction with carbon (Zhonghua (John) Zhu). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Molecular simulation methods applied to carbon reactions. 3.3 Hydrogen adsorption on and reaction with carbon. 3.4 Carbon reactions with oxygen containing gases. 3.5 Metal-Carbon interactions. 3.6 Conclusions. 3.7 References. 4. Carbon as catalyst support (Francisco Rodr!guez-Reinoso and Antonio Sepulveda-Escribano). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Carbon properties affecting its role as catalyst support. 4.3 Preparation of carbon supported catalysts. 4.4 Applications. 4.5 Summary. 4.6 References. 5. Preparation of carbon-supported metal catalysts (Johannes H. Bitter and Krijn P. de Jong). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Impregnation/adsorption. 5.3 Deposition Precipitation. 5.4 Emerging preparation methods. 5.5 Concluding remarks. 5.6 References. 6. Carbon as catalyst (Jos' Luis Figueiredo and Manuel Fernando R. Pereira). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Factors affecting the performance of a carbon catalyst. 6.3 Reactions catalyzed by carbons. 6.4 Conclusions. 6.5 References. 7. Catalytic properties of nitrogen-containing carbons (Hanns-Peter Boehm). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Nitrogen-doping of carbons. 7.3 Catalysis of oxidation reactions with dioxygen. 7.4 Catalysis of aging of carbons. 7.5 Catalysis of dehydrochlorination reactions. 7.6 Conclusions on the mechanism of catalysis by nitrogen-containing carbons. 7.7 References. 8. Carbon anchored metal complex catalysts (Cristina Freire and Ana Rosa Silva). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 General methods for molecule immobilization. 8.3 Methods for immobilization of transition metal complexes onto carbon materials . 8.4 Application of coordination compounds anchored onto carbon material in several catalytic reactions . 8.5 Carbon supported organometallic compounds in hydrogenation and hydroformylation catalytic reactions . 8.6 Carbon supported organometallic complexes in polymerisation reaction of olefins. 8.7 Concluding Remarks. 8.8 References. 9. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in catalysis (Philippe Serp). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Catalytic growth of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes. 9.3 Why can CNTs or CNFs be suitable to be used in catalysis?. 9.4 Preparation of supported catalysts on CNTs and CNFs. 9.5 Catalytic performance of CNT- and CNF-based catalysts. 9.6 Conclusion. 9.7 References. 10. Carbon gels in catalysis (Carlos Moreno-Castilla). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Carbon gels: preparation and surface properties. 10.3 Metal-doped carbon gels. 10.4 Catalytic reactions of metal-doped carbon gels. 10.5. Conclusions. 10.6 References. 11. Carbon monoliths in catalysis (Karen M. de Lathouder, Edwin Crezee, Freek Kapteijn and Jacob A. Moulijn). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Carbon. 11.3 Monolithic structures. 11.4 Carbon monoliths. 11.5 Carbon monoliths in catalysis: an overview. 11.6 Example of carbon monoliths as catalyst support material. 11.7 Evaluation and Practical Considerations. 11.8 Conclusions. 11.9 References. 12. Carbon materials as supports for fuel cells electrocatalysts (Frederic Maillard, Pavel A. Simonov and Elena R. Savinova). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Structure and morphology of carbon materials. 12.3 Physicochemical properties of carbon materials relevant to the fuel cell operation. 12.4 Preparation of carbon-supported electrocatalysts. 12.5 Structural characterization of carbon-supported metal catalysts. 12.6 Influence of carbon supports on the performance of the catalytic layers in PEMFCs. 12.7 Corrosion and stability of carbon-supported catalysts. 12.8 Conclusions and outlook. 12.9 References. 13. Carbon materials in photocatalysis (Joaquim Lu!s Faria and Wendong Wang). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Different carbon materials employed to modify TiO2 in photocatalysis. 13.3. Synthesis and characterization of carbon-TiO2 composites. 13.4 Photodegradation on carbon containing surfaces. 13.5. Role of the carbon phase in heterogeneous photocatalysis. 13.6. Concluding remarks. 13.7 References. 14. Carbon-based sensors (Jun Li). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 The physico-chemical properties of sp2 carbon materials relevant to carbon sensors. 14.3 Carbon-based sensors. 14.4 Summary. 14.5 References. 15. Carbon Supported Catalysts for the Chemical Industry (Venu Arunajatesan, Baoshu Chen, Konrad Mobus, Daniel J. Ostgard, Thomas Tacke and Dorit Wolf). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Properties and Requirements of Carbon Materials as Catalyst Supports for Industrial Applications. 15.3 Industrial manufacturing of carbon supports. 15.4 Manufacturing of Carbon Supported Catalysts. 15.5 Reaction Technology. 15.5.1 Batch stirred-tank and loop reactors. 15.6 Industrial Applications. 15.7 Testing and Evaluation of Carbon Catalysts. 15.8 Conclusions and Outlook. 15.9 References.

Carbon materials for catalysis

Pd and Pt–Ru anode electrocatalysts supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their use in passive and active direct alcohol fuel cells with an anion-exchange membrane (alcohol = methanol, ethanol, glycerol)

Philippe Serp

Papers

Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in catalysis

Graphene-based materials for catalysis

Visible light photodegradation of phenol on MWNT-TiO2 composite catalysts prepared by a modified sol–gel method

Carbon materials for catalysis

Pd and Pt–Ru anode electrocatalysts supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their use in passive and active direct alcohol fuel cells with an anion-exchange membrane (alcohol = methanol, ethanol, glycerol)