Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (2nd ed.)

Publisher Summary The chapter outlines a general model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the Hierarchical model. This model serves two objectives. First, the model provides a framework to organize the literature on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, as well as to identify the psychological mechanisms underlying motivational changes. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation represents a substantial portion of people's experiences when involved in activities. Furthermore, conceptual and methodological advances are presented supporting a multidimensional approach to the study of motivational phenomena. Such an approach has been found useful—for instance, for distinguishing nonintrinsic but internalized motivational forces that promote adaptive consequences such as persisting at difficult tasks from other internalized forces that compromise adaptive adjustment. A second objective of the hierarchical model is to lead to novel and testable hypotheses. Moreover, other aspects of the model also appear as prime candidates for future research. Such a model serves to integrate the literature and points toward new research. It is within such a contextually situated perspective that the model shows its greatest promise of usefulness.

Toward A Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Passion is defined as a strong inclination toward an activity that people like, that they find important, and in which they invest time and energy Two types of passion are proposed: obsessive and harmonious Obsessive passion (OP) refers to a controlled internalization of an activity in one's identity that creates an internal pressure to engage in the activity that the person likes Harmonious passion (HP) refers to an autonomous internalization that leads individuals to choose to engage in the activity that they like HP promotes healthy adaptation whereas OP thwarts it by causing negative affect and rigid persistence Results from four studies involving more than 900 participants from different populations supported the proposed conceptualization

/pdf/les-passions-de-l-ame-on-obsessive-and-harmonious-passion-3h0ubhs5nb.pdf

Les passions de l'ame: on obsessive and harmonious passion.

A new measure of motivation toward sport has been developed in French, namely the Echelle de Motivation vis-a-vis les Sports. Two studies were conducted to translate and validate this new measure in English. The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) consists of seven subscales that measure three types of Intrinsic Motivation (IM; IM to Know, IM to Accomplish Things, and IM to Experience Stimulation), three forms of regulation for Extrinsic Motivation (Identified, Introjected, and External), and Amotivation. The first study confirmed the factor structure of the scale and revealed a satisfactory level of internal consistency. Correlations among the subscales revealed a simplex pattern confirming the self-determination continuum and the construct validity of the scale. Gender differences were similar to those obtained with the French-Canadian version. The more self-determined forms of motivation were associated with more positive responses on related consequences. In a second study, the SMS was administered on two oc...

Toward a New Measure of Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation in Sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS)

Objective To review available information on cough and angioneurotic edema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Data sources All relevant articles from 1966 through 1991 were identified mainly through MEDLINE search and article bibliographies Study selection More than 400 articles were identified; 200 reporting incidence or possible mechanisms for the side effects or both were selected Data extraction and synthesis All pertinent information, including incidence and mechanisms of ACE inhibitor-induced cough and angioedema, was reviewed and collated Conclusions Cough occurs in 5% to 20% of patients treated with ACE inhibitors, recurring with reintroduction of the same or another ACE inhibitor It is more common in women The mechanism may involve accumulation of prostaglandins, kinins (such as bradykinin), or substance P (neurotransmitter present in respiratory tract C-fibers); both bradykinin and substance P are degraded by ACE A 4-day trial of withdrawal of the ACE inhibitor or temporary substitution of another class of antihypertensive agent inexpensively and easily ascertains if the ACE inhibitor caused the cough Change to another ACE inhibitor or additive therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is not recommended Prompt recognition of ACE inhibitor-related cough can prevent unnecessary diagnostic testing and treatment Angioedema occurs in 01% to 02% of patients receiving ACE inhibitors The onset usually occurs within hours or, at most, 1 week after starting therapy The mechanism may involve autoantibodies, bradykinin, or complement-system components Treatment involves first protecting the airway, followed by epinephrine, antihistamines, and corticosteroids if needed Therapy is then resumed with an alternate class of antihypertensive agent

Cough and angioneurotic edema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. A review of the literature and pathophysiology.

Competitive and recreational sport structures and gender: a test of their relationship with sport motivation

Vallerand et al (2003) developed a theoretical framework of passion where two types of passions are proposed: obsessive and harmonious passion Obsessive passion is characterized by an internal pressure that pushes the person to engage in the passionate activity, whereas harmonious passion is characterized by the person’s choice to engage in the activity The goal of the present study was to examine the outcomes of these types of passion toward gambling A total of 554 participants completed instruments assessing their passion toward gambling, as well as several cognitive and affective outcomes Results indicated that, in general, harmonious passion was associated with positive outcomes, while obsessive passion was related to negative consequences Results also showed that casino activities accentuated both positive and negative outcomes by fostering both types of passion toward the gambling activity Conceptual and practical implications are discussed

/pdf/passion-and-gambling-investigating-the-divergent-affective-4lrum36cco.pdf

Passion and Gambling: Investigating the Divergent Affective and Cognitive Consequences of Gambling1

Vallerand et al. (2003) have proposed that individuals can have two distinct types of passion toward an activity. Harmonious passion, an internal force leading one to choose to engage in the activity, is proposed to be associated with positive consequences. Obsessive passion, an internal pressure forcing one to engage in an activity, is posited to be associated with negative consequences. The present study sought to determine the role of the two types of passion in various cognitive and affective states associated with dependence and problems with gambling. Participants (n = 412) were recruited at the Montreal Casino and given a questionnaire measuring passion toward gambling, as well as consequences associated with dependence and problem gambling. Results showed that obsessive passion for gambling predicted poorer vitality and concentration in daily tasks, as well as increased rumination, anxiety, negative mood, guilt, and problem gambling. These relations were not found for harmonious passion for gambling. Results are discussed in light of the motivational approach to passion (Vallerand et al., 2003).

/pdf/when-passion-leads-to-problematic-outcomes-a-look-at-58k6s2a3lm.pdf

Pierre Provencher

Papers

Competitive and recreational sport structures and gender: a test of their relationship with sport motivation

Passion and Gambling: Investigating the Divergent Affective and Cognitive Consequences of Gambling1

When passion leads to problematic outcomes: a look at gambling.

Development and Validation of the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientations Scale

Cohesiveness, coach's interpersonal style and psychological needs: Their effects on self-determination and athletes' subjective well-being