In late modernity, Western societies undergo profound processes of change that lead to tensions between different social actors, which sometimes occur in intergenerational terms. This article explores these tensions in the field of music through the neobakala scene, which is composed of adults who have created a nostalgic discourse to establish a hierarchy with other musical scenes created by youngsters. The concepts of nostalgia and generation, therefore, will be key in articulating this text but both will be critically approximated, since the two assume a presence of memory in their constitution (that is not always backed by evidence). In this sense, this article, which also explores the past of the neobakala scene, claims memory as a field on its own, differentiated from nostalgia and as a source of criticism of it. On the other hand, in the analysis of this nostalgia, the neobakala scene and the same intergenerational struggles that occur in this late modernity, this article will pay special attention to the role of technological changes. To this end, the article will resort to the concept of remediation and, above all, that of "technological drama", which will allow us to observe a process of reintegration in which the neobakala subversive past ends up aligning itself with power in a context of expansion of digital technologies.

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Intergenerational struggles and technological dramas of the neobakala music scene

The aim of this presentation is to reflect on the nostalgia suffered by Basque shepherds who emigrated to America, by analysing their production of improvised verses. These improvised verses addressed their homesickness, desires, opinions and concerns in a declarative and emotional way. While other narrative genres tend to represent these feelings in a more rationalized way, these verses tend to be evocative and emotional, with a testimonial function that is perceived more directly. In that respect, they become complex and multifaceted texts that influence the representation of identity and the migratory project.
Nowadays, the consensus is that literature and cinema are cultural products with an enormous social relevance, and that they elaborate and represent social and historical discourses. Similarly, the verses of emigrants to America constitute social and historical discourses that let us reflect on the construction of the social reality of Basque emigration.

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Pío Pérez

Papers

El canto del pastor no espanta las ovejas: memoria y nostalgia en los versos improvisados de los emigrantes vascos