Objectives Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention by researchers worldwide in recent years for their small dimensions and unique architecture, and for having immense potential in nanomedicine as biocompatible and supportive substrates, as a novel tool for the delivery of therapeutic molecules including peptides, RNA and DNA, and also as sensors, actuators and composites.



Key findings  CNTs have been employed in the development of molecular electronic, composite materials and others due to their unique atomic structure, high surface area-to-volume ratio and excellent electronic, mechanical and thermal properties. Recently they have been exploited as novel nanocarriers in drug delivery systems and biomedical applications. Their larger inner volume as compared with the dimensions of the tube and easy immobilization of their outer surface with biocompatible materials make CNTs a superior nanomaterial for drug delivery. Literature reveals that CNTs are versatile carriers for controlled and targeted drug delivery, especially for cancer cells, because of their cell membrane penetrability.



Summary  This review enlightens the biomedical application of CNTs with special emphasis on utilization in controlled and targeted drug delivery, as a diagnostics tool and other possible uses in therapeutic systems. The review also focuses on the toxicity aspects of CNTs, and revealed that genotoxic potential, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of different types of CNTs must be explored and overcome by formulating safe biomaterial for drug delivery. The review also describes the regulatory aspects and clinical and market status of CNTs.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01167.x

Advancement in carbon nanotubes: basics, biomedical applications and toxicity

Silver-Based Plasmonic Nanoparticles for and Their Use in Biosensing

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a robust nanotubular nucleoprotein scaffold increasingly employed for the high density presentation of functional molecules such as peptides, fluorescent dyes, and antibodies. We report on its use as advantageous carrier for sensor enzymes. A TMV mutant with a cysteine residue exposed on every coat protein (CP) subunit (TMVCys) enabled the coupling of bifunctional maleimide-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-biotin linkers (TMVCys/Bio). Its surface was equipped with two streptavidin [SA]-conjugated enzymes: glucose oxidase ([SA]-GOx) and horseradish peroxidase ([SA]-HRP). At least 50% of the CPs were decorated with a linker molecule, and all thereof with active enzymes. Upon use as adapter scaffolds in conventional “high-binding” microtiter plates, TMV sticks allowed the immobilization of up to 45-fold higher catalytic activities than control samples with the same input of enzymes. Moreover, they increased storage stability and reusability in relation to enzymes applied directly to microtiter plate wells. The functionalized TMV adsorbed to solid supports showed a homogeneous distribution of the conjugated enzymes and structural integrity of the nanorods upon transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. The high surface-increase and steric accessibility of the viral scaffolds in combination with the biochemical environment provided by the plant viral coat may explain the beneficial effects. TMV can, thus, serve as a favorable multivalent nanoscale platform for the ordered presentation of bioactive proteins.

/pdf/modified-tmv-particles-as-beneficial-scaffolds-to-present-3flhd6wj38.pdf

Modified TMV Particles as Beneficial Scaffolds to Present Sensor Enzymes

Single walled carbon nanotube composites for bone tissue engineering

https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02137.x

Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy

Nanotechnology is gaining importance rapidly as a most powerful technology. Its immense potential promises the possibility of significant changes in near term future, once the most essential machines - called the Universal Assembler and the Nanocomputer are built. The present paper aims to reviews the previous work done and recent advancements in the field of nanotechnology. Today the products made using nanomaterials having general as well as special applications like treating cancer, phosgene detection, energy harvesting for self powered nanosystems, chip fabrication, batteries, aerospace materials etc. The research in the area of carbon nanotubes, nano-polymers, nano-vectors, nanocomposites, nano-crystals, nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanoclays, nanotubes, nanofilters, nanohorn, nanowires, nanosprings, nanorods etc. have been reported. Various risks involved in using nanotechnology are also discussed because it is believed that the most disruptive future changes may occur as a result of molecular manufacturing, an advanced form of nanotechnology.

/pdf/recent-advances-in-nanotechnology-9rfny7t56c.pdf

Recent Advances in Nanotechnology

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/478000.pdf

Pooja Khitoliya

Papers

Recent Advances in Nanotechnology

Design and Finite Element Analysis of an Automotive Clutch Assembly