Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which retinal ganglion cells die probably through an apoptotic process. Apoptosis is known to involve free radicals in several systems including the retina. In this context, the aim of the present work was to analyze retinal oxidative damage in rats with glaucoma induced by the chronic injection of hyaluronic acid in the eye anterior chamber. The results showed a significant decrease in total retinal superoxide dismutase and catalase activities after 6 and 3 weeks of treatment with hyaluronic acid, respectively. Also, although GPX activity increased after 10 weeks of ocular hypertension, GSH levels significantly decreased at 6 weeks of treatment with hyaluronic acid. Moreover, retinal lipid peroxidation significantly increased in a time-of-hypertension-dependent manner. On the other hand, a significant decrease in both diurnal and nocturnal retinal melatonin content was detected at 3, 6, or 10 weeks of treatment with hyaluronic acid. The present results suggest that retinal oxidative stress may be involved in glaucomatous cell death. Thus, manipulation of intracellular redox status using antioxidants may be a new therapeutic tool to prevent glaucomatous neurodegeneration.

Retinal Oxidative Stress Induced by High Intraocular Pressure

Objective: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic represents an acute worldwide public health crisis causing an immediate disruption to every demographic group. One group significantly affected both educationally and psychosocially is college students, as they experienced an abrupt cancellation of in-person courses, were forced to leave their dormitories, and witnessed a loss of social activities. Method: This study utilizes survey data from college students in the throes of COVID-19-based home schooling collected for a Belgium-based international study including more than 134,000 participants from 28 countries around the world. Two hundred fifty-seven college students from a U.S. university participated in this study. Results: Results indicate that college students are affected by COVID-19 on several levels, including fear of themselves or others in their social network contracting the virus, apprehension about the changes in coursework delivery and unclear instructional parameters, overall loneliness, compromised motivation, and sleep disturbances, as well as anxious and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Analyses reveal a positive relationship between academic frustrations and mental health symptoms, the latter also negatively related to trust in the government regarding the preventive measures being implemented. Worries about becoming infected were positively related to mental health symptoms and negatively related to trust in the government. Results and implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

COVID-19 disruption on college students: Academic and socioemotional implications.

Herein, the role of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical analysis and the treatment of critical deceases been highlighted. In the world of nanotechnology, noble elements such as the gold/silver/palladium (Au/Ag/Pd) NPs are the most promising emerging trend to design bioengineering materials that could to be employed as modern diagnostic tools and devices to combat serious diseases. NPs are considered a powerful and advanced chemical tool to diagnose and to cure critical ailments such as HIV, cancer, and other types of infectious illnesses. The treatment of cancer is the most significant application of nanotechnology which is based on premature tumor detection and analysis of cancer cells through Nano-devices. The fascinating characteristic properties of NPs-such as high surface area, high surface Plasmon resonance, multi-functionalization, highly stable nature, and easy processing-make them more prolific for nanotechnology. In this review article, the multifunctional roles of Au/Ag/Pd NPs in the field of medical science, the physicochemical toxicity dependent properties, and the interaction mechanism is highlighted. Due to the cytotoxicity of Ag/Au/Pd NPs, the conclusion and future remarks emphasize the need for further research to minimize the toxicity of NPs in the bio-medicinal field.

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Gold, Silver, and Palladium Nanoparticles: A Chemical Tool for Biomedical Applications.

Separation, characterization and identification of microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment.

The efficient progress in nanotechnology has transformed many aspects of food science and the food industry with enhanced investment and market share. Recent advances in nanomaterials and nanodevices such as nanosensors, nano-emulsions, nanopesticides or nanocapsules are intended to bring about innovative applications in the food industry. In this review, the current applications of nanotechnology for packaging, processing, and the enhancement of the nutritional value and shelf life of foods are targeted. In addition, the functionality and applicability of food-related nanotechnologies are also highlighted and critically discussed in order to provide an insight into the development and evaluation of the safety of nanotechnology in the food industry.

An Overview of the Applications of Nanomaterials and Nanodevices in the Food Industry.

The review article summarizes the applications of silver nanoparticles for diverse sectors. Over the decades, nanoparticles used as dignified metals such as silver exhibited distinctive characteristics basically correlated to chemical, physical and biological property of counterparts having bulkiness. Numerous studies reported that Nanoparticles of about 100nm diameter play a crucial role in widely spread industries due to unique properties including the dimension of small particle, high surface area and quantum confinement and they dispersed without agglomeration. Decade of discoveries clearly established that shape, size and distribution of Silver nanoparticles strongly affect the electromagnetic, optical and catalytic properties, which are often an assortment of changeable synthetic methods and reducing agents with stabilizers. Generation after generation the postulates come forth about properties of silver for the ancient Greeks cook from silver pots and the old adage ‘born with a silver spoon in his mouth’ thus show that eating with a silver spoon was well-known as uncontaminated. Impregnation of metals with silver nanoparticles is a practical way to exploit the microbe aggressive properties of silver at very low cost. The nanoparticles help in targeted delivery of drugs, enhancing bioavailability, sustaining drug or gene effect in target tissues, and enhancing the stability. Implementations of silver partials in medical science and biological science have been noticed from years ago; however alteration with nanotechnology is innovative potential. Over 23% of all nanotechnology based products, diagnostic and therapeutic applications implanted with silver nanoparticles (e.g. In arthritic disease and wound healing, etc.) and widely known for their antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral effect, employed in textile fabrics and added into cosmetic products as antiseptic to overcome skin problems. Thus, Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been urbanized as an advanced artifact in the field of nanotechnology.

http://www.ijnd.ir/article_661552_4ec3f5d690cf55813584dcd68f6bec1a.pdf

Applications of Silver nanoparticles in diverse sectors

Preparation of Sliver and Selenium Nanoparticles and Its Characterization by Dynamic Light Scattering and Scanning Electron Microscopy.

Medicinal plants have been used from the Vedic era. For thousands of years, they have been used to treat and prevent many types of diseases along with epidemics. Some medicinal plants also utilized as pleasant condiments, to flavor, to dye, for conserve food etc. Almost every portion of the plant has own medicinal properties. Different types of secondary metabolites found in the medicinal plants which play an important role in many kinds of diseases and also used for manufacturing medicines. A large number of the plants are also reported to possess many other activities like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-insecticidal, anti-parasitic, antibiotic, anti-hemolytic properties etc, also used widely by the tribal people all over the world. The traditional medicinal uses of 21 plants species belonging to different families were reported in this review article. Key-wordsAnti-oxidant activity, Antimicrobial compounds, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine INTRODUCTION The therapeutic potential of plant products can be traced back to over five thousand years ago as there is evidence of its use in the treatment of diseases and for revitalizing body systems in Indian, Egyptian, Chinese, Greek and Roman civilizations . In India, plants of therapeutic potential are widely used by all sections of people both as folk medicines in different indigenous systems of medicine like Siddha, Ayurveda, and Unani and also as processed product of pharmaceutical industry . India has about 4.5 million plant species and among them estimated only 250,000-500,000 plant species, have been investigated phytochemically for biological or pharmacological activity . The bioactive constituents or plants extracts may be uses for treatment of various diseases and these would be used as a new formulation for the novel drugs discovery in pharmaceutical industries . Herbal medicines such as Brahmi and Ashwagandha help boost one’s energy level, increase nutrients, restore body cells, and enhance a person’s immunity . Medicinal and aromatic plants can play an important role in the subsistence livelihood enhancement rural people, especially women in an environmentally sustainable manner while maintaining the biodiversity of these natural products . Today according to the World Health organization (WHO), as many as 80% of the world’s Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:

A Review on Some Traditional Medicinal Plants

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major public health concern currently. To date, there are no approved antiviral drugs or vaccines against this transmissible disease. This report sheds light on available information for a better understanding of clinical trials and pharmacotherapy related to COVID-19. MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus databases, Web of Science, WHO, and EU clinical trial sites were used to perform comparative analysis. Information was collected on the use of therapeutic agents for human therapy in patients with COVID-19 up to May 2020. We have extracted data from 60 clinical trials. Amongst these trials, 34 were from the European Union database of clinical trials and 26 from the National Institute of Health. The data selection procedure includes active, completed, and recruitment in progress status. Most of the clinical trials are ongoing and hence, there is a lack of precise results for the treatment.There is a lack of high-quality clinical evidence. The protocol to be developed requires large randomized clinical trials with a combination of available drugs and prospective therapies. We propose the usage of a large number of cases and different statistical analyses to conduct systematic clinical trials. This could provide comprehensive information about the clinical trial and potential therapeutic progress.

Current updates on the European and WHO registered clinical trials of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Staphylococcus aureus is a most important bacterium that causes nosocomial infections and the etiologic agent of a wide range of diseases related with major mortality and morbidity. Total 36 positive clinical samples viz. urine, blood and pus collected from different patients were found to harbor Staphylococcus aureus with a maximum isolation from pus samples i.e. 30 (83.33%) and minimum isolation from urine samples i.e. 2 (5.56%). The degree of capacity to biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus isolates to different phenotypic analysis of biofilm formation by Congo red agar (CRA) Nil, Tube method (TM) 5 (13.89%), and Tissue culture plate method (TCP) 12 (33.33%). The application of silver and Selenium nanoparticles as antimicrobials are gaining relevance in the medical field. Silver nanoparticles, due to their unique properties, use in day-by-day many applications in human life. The major uses of silver nanoparticles in the clinical and medical fields consist of investigative applications and curative applications. Selenium metal is an essential micronutrient for human beings and animals. Selenium nanoparticles showed the highest bactericidal and antimicrobial properties. Minimal biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) were determined by 96-well microtitre plate. The antibacterial effects of silver and selenium nanoparticles were evaluated with respect to growth, biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Among the three biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus strains showed OD450 i.e. 0.019, 0.039, 0.075 value ≤0.080 for AgNPs whereas SeNPs couldn’t showed any ≤ 0.080 value against biofilm forming S. aureus strains. In case of MBEC test, AgNPs showed more affective against biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus strains compared of SeNPs. Finally we suggested that AgNPs showing best antimicrobial activity against SeNPs.

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Poonam Verma

Papers

Applications of Silver nanoparticles in diverse sectors

Preparation of Sliver and Selenium Nanoparticles and Its Characterization by Dynamic Light Scattering and Scanning Electron Microscopy.

A Review on Some Traditional Medicinal Plants

Current updates on the European and WHO registered clinical trials of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) Assay of Silver and Selenium Nanoparticles against Biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus