Intelligent transport systems, efficient electric grids, and sensor networks for data collection and analysis are some examples of the multiagent systems (MAS) that cooperate to achieve common goals. Decision making is an integral part of intelligent agents and MAS that will allow such systems to accomplish increasingly complex tasks. In this survey, we investigate state-of-the-art work within the past five years on cooperative MAS decision making models, including Markov decision processes, game theory, swarm intelligence, and graph theoretic models. We survey algorithms that result in optimal and suboptimal policies such as reinforcement learning, dynamic programming, evolutionary computing, and neural networks. We also discuss the application of these models to robotics, wireless sensor networks, cognitive radio networks, intelligent transport systems, and smart electric grids. In addition, we define key terms in the area and discuss remaining challenges that include incorporating big data advancements to decision making, developing autonomous, scalable and computationally efficient algorithms, tackling more complex tasks, and developing standardized evaluation metrics. While recent surveys have been published on this topic, we present a broader discussion of related models and applications. Note to Practitioners: Future smart cities will rely on cooperative MAS that make decisions about what actions to perform that will lead to the completion of their tasks. Decision making models and algorithms have been developed and reported in the literature to generate such sequences of actions. These models are based on a wide variety of principles including human decision making and social animal behavior. In this paper, we survey existing decision making models and algorithms that generate optimal and suboptimal sequences of actions. We also discuss some of the remaining challenges faced by the research community before more effective MAS deployment can be achieved in this age of Internet of Things, robotics, and mobile devices. These challenges include developing more scalable and efficient algorithms, utilizing the abundant sensory data available, tackling more complex tasks, and developing evaluation standards for decision making.

Decision Making in Multiagent Systems: A Survey

VANET is an application and subclass of MANETs, a quickly maturing, promising, and emerging technology these days. VANETs establish communication among vehicles (V2V) and roadside infrastructure (V2I). As vehicles move with high speed, hence environment and topology change with time. There is no optimum routing protocol which ensures full-pledge on-time delivery of data to destination nodes, and an absolutely optimum scheme design for flawless packet exchange is still a challenging task. In VANETs, accurate and on-time delivery of fundamental safety alert messages (FSAMs) is highly important to withstand against maliciously inserted security threats affectively. In this paper, we have presented a new security-aware routing technique called VANSec. The presented scheme is more immune and resistive against different kinds of attacks and thwarts malicious node penetration attempts to the entire network. It is basically based on trust management approach. The aim of the scheme is to identify malicious data and false nodes. The simulation results of VANSec are compared with already existing techniques called trust and LT in terms of trust computation error (TCE), end-to-end delay (EED), average link duration (ALD), and normalized routing overhead (NRO). In terms of TCE, VANSec is 11.6% and 7.3% efficient than LT and trust, respectively, while from EED comparison we found VANSec to be 57.6% more efficient than trust and 5.2% more efficient than LT. Similarly, in terms of ALD, VANSec provides 29.7% and 7.8% more stable link duration than trust and LT do, respectively, and in terms of NRO, VANSec protocol has 27.5% and 14% lesser load than that of trust and LT, respectively.

/pdf/vansec-attack-resistant-vanet-security-algorithm-in-terms-of-1nktmsbxgu.pdf

VANSec: Attack-Resistant VANET Security Algorithm in Terms of Trust Computation Error and Normalized Routing Overhead

Due to exponential growth in the daily usage of vehicles, the traffic congestion and roadside accidents are increasing day by day. The communication among vehicles is critical to avoid the emergenc...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1550147719829677

A secure message-passing framework for inter-vehicular communication using blockchain:

With the continuous development of wireless communication technology and vehicle industry VANET as of recent is one of the most research niches. VANET is a technology that makes use of motion vehicles as a node in a network for the creation of a mobile network. Although there is a close characteristic between VANET and MANET (Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks), VANET has special features that differentiate it from MANET. VANET offers a vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication. VANET also make sure there is no break of routing path before the transmission end. VANET is a challenging domain that has created a platform for many applications to find their place. Enough time is still needed for the implementation of large-scale practical though this field has been under rigorous study for over two decades. The possibility of having vehicular connectivity has been triggered by the ever-increasing wireless connectivity and computational ability of recent vehicles. Many potential vehicular network applications have been proposed in different niches like information, safety, entertainment and traffic infrastructure management. These applications in these aforementioned applications require available wireless medium utilization of both new and existing wireless technologies. VANET comprises of two technologies known as WiMAX and Wi-Fi. The goal of this survey was to ascertain the best technology among the two technologies. In other to achieve this goal, a thorough investigation was carried out together with an evaluation on V2V2I VANET where Wi-Fi was used for amid vehicle (V2V) interaction and WiMAX used for vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) interaction. This survey begins with the VANET architecture, then discusses the characteristics and challenges of VANET, applications, before ending with a comparison of the two technologies that made of VANET, the experimental approach used, future perspectives, result and conclusion.

A survey on the use of WiMAX and Wi-Fi on Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs)

VANET is a branch of MANETS, where each vehicle is a node, and a wireless router will run. The vehicles are similar to each other will interact with a wide range of nodes or vehicles and establish a network. VANETs provide us with the infrastructure to build new solutions for improving safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. There are several routing protocols proposed and evaluated for improving VANET's performance. The simulator is preferred over external experience because it is easy, simple, and inexpensive. In this paper, we choose AODV protocol, DSDV protocol, and DSR protocol with five different nodes density. For each protocol, as regards specific parameters like (throughput, packet delivery ratio, and end- to- end delay). On simulators that allow users to build real-time navigation models of simulations using VANET. Tools (SUMO, MOVE, and NS-2) were used for this paper, then graphs were plotted for evaluation using Trace-graph. The results showed the DSR is much higher than AODV and DSDV, In terms of throughput. While DSDV is the best choice because of the low average end to end delay. From the above, we conclude that each strategy has its own negative and positive aspects that make it ideally suited to a particular scenario than other scenarios.

https://www.beei.org/index.php/EEI/article/download/2943/2148

Performance evaluation for vehicular ad-hoc networks based routing protocols

Resolving Problems Based on Peer to Peer Network Security Issue's

VEHICULAR ad hoc networks (VANETs) are the self-configuring networks where the nodes are vehicles (equipped with on-board computers), elements of roadside infrastructure, sensors, and pedestrian personal devices. In the current state of the art in this field there is a need of studies on real outdoor experiments to validate the new VANETs optimizing protocols and applications. Thus exchanging up-to-date information among vehicles is the most salient feature of a VANET. In order to do so, the packets have to travel through the network from one node to the others & thus give rise to concept of inter VANET data handovers & VDTP (Vehicular data transfer Protocol). In this work, we have addressed the utility of metaheuristic algorithms (PSO, GA) for inter VANET sensor data handovers in order to study the performance analysis to maximize the throughput & reliability improvement in real VANET.

Vehicular Adhoc Networks Handovers with Metaheuristic Algorithms

Vehicular Ad-Hoc networks (VANETs) has mostly gained the attention of today's research efforts. The new proposed model will investigates security aspects of vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V) using RF transmitter and receiver. A key piece information in vehicular Ad-Hoc networks (VANETs) is position. The use of RF transmitter and receiver will considerably includes the amount of trust that can be given to the received position information. The goal of VANET researches to develop a vehicular communication system to enable quick and cost efficient distribution of data, for the benefits for passengers safety, security, & comfort. Our solution is based on simple principle “Believe what you see, verify what you hear”. By comparing what is seen i.e detected by RF transreceiver to what has been reported over the network, can confirm the real position of the neighbours and defect malicious vehicle, thus achieving the security each vehicle generates information about the state of the traffic based on both what is seen & what is received from the other vehicle in the system. This technique will improve security in VANET by preventing malicious users from falsifying their position information.

Transportation security through inter Vehicular Ad-Hoc networks (VANETs) handovers using RF trans receiver

AdHoc networks are random networks which are user friendly to any nodes. Vehicular Ad-hoc network is a type of Ad-hoc network composing of vehicle associated with wireless communication. Wireless ad-hoc network consists of base transmission station, background server, and other processing software. Based on these things, this paper introduces about the VANETs, MANETs and newly FANETs. Firstly, this paper consist of Introduction to Ad-hoc networks, VANETs and its protocol, FANETs and MANETs and protocol. Apart from this the Network simulations are also includes ns-3. Evaluates about the routing protocols used in VANETs and network simulators such as ns-2 and ns-3. At last, it gives the information about the efficiency in the Quality of Service section.

/pdf/comprehensive-study-and-overview-of-vehicular-ad-hoc-129uzcg9kh.pdf

Comprehensive Study and Overview of Vehicular Ad-HOC Networks (VANETs) in Current Scenario with Respect to Realistic Vehicular Environment

When Vehicles communicating among themselves, and communicating to devices located in the margins of roads and highways form Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) that are a suitable type of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). VANET can go upto a high speed of network nodes that can go up to 200 km/h, and which impacts directly on the capability the network has to deliver data, we can have a network formed for a small amount of time. Ant-based routing can be successfully incorporated to both wireless and wired networks as it has been checked it various tests. This work set ups to propose Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) methodologies that take advantage of information available in vehicular networks such as the vehicles’ position and speed, in order to design an ant-based algorithm that performs well in the dynamics of such networks and adapts to the conditions appropriately.

/pdf/methodological-analysis-of-inter-vanet-data-handovers-with-378ip0sk0m.pdf

Pravin Wararkar

Papers

Resolving Problems Based on Peer to Peer Network Security Issue's

Vehicular Adhoc Networks Handovers with Metaheuristic Algorithms

Transportation security through inter Vehicular Ad-Hoc networks (VANETs) handovers using RF trans receiver

Comprehensive Study and Overview of Vehicular Ad-HOC Networks (VANETs) in Current Scenario with Respect to Realistic Vehicular Environment

Methodological Analysis of Inter VANET Data Handovers with Metaheuristic Algorithms