Thevetia peruviana is a large flowering shrub in the Apocynaceae family used medicinally. The current study aims to determine the phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential of T. peruviana. GC-MS was used to screen the ethanol and n-hexane extracts. Leaf extracts (ethanol and hexane) revealed alkaloids, phenols, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, steroid glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, terpenoids, terpenoids and fixed oils and fats. GC-MS analysis of the ethanol and hexane extract revealed 24 bioactive metabolites. T. peruviana leaf extracts inhibited tested pathogens at 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml concentrations. A plethora of secondary metabolites demonstrated promising pharmacological benefits. The bioactive chemicals are utilised to treat bacterial infections, cancer, diabetes, and inflammation. This study demonstrated the antibacterial activity of several plants used in traditional medicine.

Antibacterial, phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of Thevetia peruviana extracts: An approach in drug formulation

Physicochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Palm Oil: an Approach for Quality, Safety, and Nutrition Evaluation of Palm Oil

The main objective of the experiment is aimed to examine the impact of paraquat dichloride on the body weights of adult male Wistar rats as well as in their haematological tissues. The total number of male Wistar rats was 48 and was divided into 4 groups of 12 each. The 1st group (Test 1) served as control. The other three groups served as experimental groups in which the paraquat dichloride was administered. The experimental groups which are 2nd group (Test 2), 3rd group (Test 3) and 4th group (Test 4) received doses of paraquat dichloride of 10 mg/kg b.wt/per oral/day, 20 mg/kg b.wt/per oral/day and 40 mg/kg b.wt/per oral/day respectively. The experiment was carried out for a time duration of 42 days. The mean values of body weights, erythrocyte indices, total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC) and Hb concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in Test 2, 3 and 4 rats, excluding packed cell volume (PCV), which in comparison to the control groups. Outcomes and observations from hematological parameters and bone marrow revealed the toxicity of paraquat dichloride to hematological tissues resulting in anemia and bone marrow hypoplasia which eventually leads to failure of the bone marrow and extensively hematopoietic system of adult male Wistar rats following long term exposure and high concentration.

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Effects of paraquat dichloride on adult male wistar rat. an approach in the toxicity of body weights and hematological tissues

Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Inhibition Properties of Key Enzymes Linked to Raw and Regular Honey

This research work investigated the proximate and nutritional composition of beer produced using sorghum blended with hybrid yellow cassava. Hybrid sorghum variety CSR-03H and two yellow cassava varieties were collected, and proximate and nutritional analysis was performed using standard methods. The sorghum malt was combined with yellow cassava varieties (in the order cassava: sorghum) at ratio 0:100 (control), 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50. Fermentation of the samples was done for ten (10) days and analysis was performed every two (2) days interval. Proximate and nutritional analysis was carried out on the beer products using standard methods. After 240 h fermentation period, the pH and alcohol content ranged from 3.65 ± 0.01 to 4.10 ± 0.01 and from 3.63 ± 0.49% to 6.74 ± 0.41% respectively. Fat content, ash content, moisture content and crude protein values ranged from 0.30 ± 0.01% to 0.59 ± 0.01%, 0.42 ± 0.01% to 0.61 ± 0.02%, 76.10 ± 0.06% to 80.97 ± 0.02% and 0.30 ± 0.01% to 0.56 ± 0.01% respectively. Vitamin A and vitamin C content ranged from 12.38 ± 0.02 to 4.13 ± 0.02 μg/100 ml and 12.21 ± 0.04 to 17.39 ± 0.02 mg/100 ml respectively. The energy value of the products ranged from 124.74 ± 1.99 to 216.67 ± 1.96 KJ/100 ml. The study revealed that beer produced from sorghum blended with yellow cassava could be a rich source of nutrients and vitamins if employed as raw materials for beer production. • Beer produced from sorghum blended with yellow cassava is a rich source of nutrients and vitamins. • Protein content of substrate used for beer production has a great impact. • The alcoholic content of the beer increased during the fermentation period. • Yellow cassava contains higher levels of vitamin A when compared to sorghum. 

Proximate and nutritional composition of beer produced from malted sorghum blended with yellow cassava

s This research was conducted to examine the effect of vernonia amygdalina on Glutathione reductase and Glutathione-S-transferase in alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats. Sixty-six (66) adult male wistar rats weighing between 100 and 250 g were used for the study. The animals were induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg of alloxan. The animals were divided into 11 groups of six (6) rats in phase 1 and phase 2 (normal control, crude extract, Metformin, glycoside, saponin and alkaloid) respectively. After 28days treatment, the rats were sacrificed using a gaseous anesthetic agent (chloroform), blood samples were collected from inferior Vena Cava for biochemical analysis and pancreas harvested for histopathological examination. The final fasting blood glucose level of the experimental animals showed no significant difference when compared to that of the control rats (at p

Effects of vernonia amygdalina fractionate on glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase on alloxan induced diabetes wistar rat

An inventory of medicinal plants used as sedative, analgesic and blood tonic in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

This study looks at the impact of climate change on subsistence farming. Farmers in the rural areas of Sierra Leone mostly practice subsistence agriculture. A lot of predictions have been done by the scientific community through climatic and crop modeling techniques concerning the impact of climate change on agriculture as well as all other spheres of life. This research aims to explore the knowledge and perceptions of subsistence farmers regarding the impacts of climate change on their farming activities and well-being. This study will broaden the research on subsistence farmers' perceptions of climate change. This study employed a mixed study design (quantitative and qualitative methods). Samples of 77 respondents were selected from a sample frame of 220 heads of households in the area listed for the study. A simple random sampling technique was used. It was revealed in the study that most of the farmers (67.5%) were illiterate and, hence, lacked knowledge of the concept of climate change; some farmers (27.3%) exhibited competencies to sense some of the changes that have occurred in the climatic pattern. The majority of the respondents (49.4%) agreed that the farming calendar for rice as a major crop has changed. This, according to the respondents, was responsible for the low productivity of rice in the study area. There is an urgent need to provide education related to agriculture to empower farmers with the methods and techniques involved in climate-smart agriculture and to sensitize them to the impacts of climate change in extremely rural areas.

Priscillia Nkem Onyibe

Papers

Effects of vernonia amygdalina fractionate on glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase on alloxan induced diabetes wistar rat

An inventory of medicinal plants used as sedative, analgesic and blood tonic in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

Farmers' Perception of Climate Change: A Case Study from Subsistence Farming in Lalehun Kovama of Kailahun in Eastern Sierra Leone