The engineering of cyber-physical systems (CPS) imposes a huge challenge for today’s software engineering processes. Not only are CPS very closely related to real objects and processes, also their internal structures are more heterogeneous than classical information systems. In this experience report, we account on a prototypical implementation for an intersection management system on the basis of physical models in the form of robotic cars. The steps to implement the working physical prototype are described. Lessons learned during the implementation are presented and observations compared against known software processes. The insights gained are consolidated into the novel Double Twin Peaks model. The latter extends the current software engineering viewpoints, specifically taking CPS considerations into account.

Engineering a Cyber-Physical Intersection Management – An Experience Report

Consider the development of a new middleware targeted at cooperating smart objects. Each smart object should have an embedded node connected to the object’s sensors and actuators. Building a prototype of such a middleware is inherently labor-intensive, especially when it comes to crossing the cyber-physical boundary, i.e., node-to-object interfacing. Also, soon one needs to be able to validate the middleware’s emerging API. Consequently, two separate “products” are usually developed: a programmer-oriented simulator and an actual, node-based prototype. Both are less than perfect for testing and demonstration purposes, and there is hardly any reuse of work invested in producing them. We propose an architecture that enables intermediate, crossover setups combining elements of the simulator and of the prototype. The key idea is system-wide decoupling of the cyber domain from the physical domain, by means of a dedicated entity. The architecture emphasizes incremental formation of testing and demonstration setups, reusability of elements needed to create them, and flexibility in combining those elements. We validate our architecture with a proof-of-concept infrastructure and a number of experimental setups.

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Przemysław Konstańczuk

Papers

Between Simulator and Prototype: Crossover Architecture for Testing and Demonstrating Cyber Physical Systems